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STATE  TEACHERS 
COLLEGE  .  .  . 
1956-1957 


Member  of  American  Association  of  Colleges  for  Teacher  Education. 

Member  of  the  Middle  States  Association  of  Colleges  and  Secondary 

Schools  —  A  Unit  of  the  Association  of  American  Colleges. 


Clarion,  Pennsylvania 


3ty?  (Elarum 


Volume  XL VI  1956  Number  2 

Clarion,  Pennsylvania 

Member   of  American  Association   of   Colleges  for 
Teacher  Education 

Member   of  Middle   State   Association   of   Colleges 
and  Secondary  Schools 


IS 


The  Catalogue  Number 
1956-57 

Published  by  the  Board  of  Trustees 


Entered  at  the  post  office  at  Clarion,  Pennsylvania,  as 
second-class  matter  under  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Page 

State  Council  of  Education  ~ 3 

Board  of  Trustees  3 

Administrative  Officers - 4 

Calendar    5 

Faculty  — 6 

Purpose  of  the  College  11 

Location     - ~ 13 

Campus  and  Buildings  1 3 

Library -  16 

Housing  Facilities — 17 

The  Social  Program  _ 1 9 

College  Activities  Not  Included  in  Curriculums  20 

Assembly  Attendance 20 

Summer  Session  _ 24 

Night  Classes — - 24 

Pennsylvania  Regional  Audio-Visual  Library  24 

Placement  Service  25 

Student  Activity  Fee  2  5 

Regulations   Regarding  Charges   „ 25 

Regulations  Regarding  Repayment  27 

Summary  of  Fees  28 

Summer   Fee  29 

Library  Science  Fee _ 30 

Guest  Rates 30 

Help  for  Worthy  Students  30 

Requirements    for   Admission   32 

Admission  of  Freshmen   in   September,    1956  35 

Scholarship  Requirements  _ 36 

Advanced    Standing   36 

Certification    38 

Curricula   „ 40 

Curriculum  —  Elementary  „ 41 

Curriculum  —  Electives   for  Elementary  43 

Curriculum  —  Secondary    44 

Curriculum  —  Library  Science  47 

Curriculum  —  Dental  Hygienists  50 

Curriculum  —  Public   School   Nurses   „ 52 

Areas  of  Specialization  —  Secondary  53 

Safe  Driving  and  General  Safety  Education  59 

Description  of  Courses   64 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 
Ralph  C.   Swan,  Acting  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 

TEACHER  EDUCATION  AND  CERTIFICATION 

Carl  E.  Seifert,  Deputy  Superintendent  in  Charge  of 

Teacher  Education 

John  K.  Trayer  W.  R.  Williams 

Assistant  Director  Assistant  Director 

STATE  COUNCIL  OF  EDUCATION 

President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Ralph  C.  Swan 

Paul  R.  Anderson  _.. _ Pittsburgh 

Robert  M.   Carson  Greensburg 

Cathleen   M.    Champlin   Philadelphia 

W.  Floyd  Clinger  _ _  Warren 

James  H.  Duckrey  ™ _ Cheyney 

Eugene  S.  Farley  _ _ Wilkes-Barre 

J.  Collins  McSparran  ..„._ _ Harrisburg 

Bess  D.  Meehan  Brush  Valley 

A.  Barbara  Weatherly  Philadelphia 


THE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 


State  Teachers  College,  Clarion,  Pennsylvania 

Ralph  C.  Swan,  Ex  Officio 

Acting  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 

Raymond  E.  Brown,  President  Brookville,  Pa. 

Percy  C.  Andrews,  Vice-President  New  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Henry  M.  Amsler Clarion,  Pa. 

Robert  S.  Bates Meadville,  Pa. 

Samuel  Breene  Oil  City,  Pa. 

B.   M.   Davis Clarion,  Pa. 

Joseph  MacMillan  Shippenville,  Pa. 

Phillip  Silvis  Tionesta,    Pa. 


ADMINISTRATIVE  OFFICERS 


Paul  G.  Chandler,  Ph.D. 
President 

James  D.  Moore,  Ed.M. 
Dean  of  Education 

Lottie  J.  Wingard 
Registrar 

Grace  Pryor,  Ed.M. 
Dean  of  Women 

Sewell   E.   Slick,   Ph.D. 
Dean  of  Men 

Richard  C.  Skinner,  M.A.,  Ed.M. 
Director  of  Student  Teaching 

Frank  B.  Cadmi,  M.A. 
Bursar 

Mrs.  Mary  D.  McNeill,  A.B. 
Dietitian 

Mrs.    Frances   R.    Knowles,    R.N. 
Nurse 

Bernard  McEntire 
Superintendent  of  Grounds  and  Buildings 

Mrs.  Eliza  Doverspike 
Household  Director 


CALENDAR  1956-1957 


PRE-SESSION  1956 

Sessions    Begins    _ Monday,  June     4 

Session  Ends  Friday,  June  22 

SUMMER  SESSION  1956 

Session   Begins   _ Monday,  June  25 

Session  Ends  Friday,  August     3 

POST  SESSION  1956 

Session  Begins  Monday,  August     6 

Session  Ends  Friday,  August  24 

FIRST  SEMESTER  1956-57 

Registration  of  Freshmen  Monday,  September  10 

Registration   of  Upperclassmen   Tuesday,  September  11 

Classes  begin  at  8:00  A.M Wednesday,  September  12 

Evening  Classes  Begin  Thursday,  September  13 

Thanksgiving  Recess  Begins  at  the 

Close  of  Classes  Tuesday,  November  20 

Thanksgiving  Recess  Ends  at  8:00  A.M Monday,  November  26 

Christmas  Vacation  Begins  at  Noon  Saturday,  December  15 

Christmas  Vacation  ends  at  8:00  A.M Thursday,  January  3 

Semester  ends   at  the  Close  of  Classes   Wednesday,  January  23 

SECOND  SEMESTER  1956-57 

Registration  Monday,  January  28 

Classes    Begin    at    8:00    A.M Tuesday,  January  29 

Evening  Classes   Begin  Thursday,  January  31 

Easter  Recess  begins  at  the 

Close  of  Classes  Tuesday,  April  16 

Easter  Recess  ends  at  8:00  A.M Tuesday,  April  23 

Alumni   Day Saturday,  May  25 

Baccalaureate  Services  Sunday,  May  26 

Commencement  Exercises  Monday,  May  27 


STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


THE   FACULTY 


Paul  G.  Chandler,  Ph.D _ „ President 

Kentucky  Wesleyan,  B.A;  Columbia  University,  MA.,  Ph.D. 

Mary  Kay  Banner,  M.Ed.,  Assistant  Professor 

Demonstration  Teacher,  Intermediate  Grades 
Seton  Hill  College,  B.A  State  Teachers  College,  Clarion,  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh,  M.  Ed.,  Additional  graduate  work,  University 
of  Pittsburgh. 

Helen  M.  Becker,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor,  Elementary  Education 
Graduate,  Clarion  State  Normal  School;  University  of  Pittsburgh, 
B.S.;  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University,  M.A.;  Library  Sci- 
ence, Clarion  State  Teachers  College. 

Alpha  E.  Bernard,  Ed.D.,  Professor  Elementary  Education 

Graduate,  Delta  County  Normal,  Escanaba,  Michigan;  attended 
Ferris  Institute  and  Western  Michigan  College  of  Education; 
Northern  Michigan  College  of  Education,  B.S.;  Graduate  work, 
University  of  Michigan;  Indiana  University,  M.S.  in  Ed.,  Ed.D. 

Margaret  A.  Boyd,  M.A.,  Associate  Professor English 

Graduate,  two-year  course,  Bethany  College;  University  of  Pitts- 
burgh, A.B.,  M.A.;  Additional  graduate  work  at  University  of 
Wisconsin;  Oxford  University,  Oxford,  England;  University  of 
California,  Columbia  University. 

Frank  M.  Campbell,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor 

Foreign  Language,  Social  Studies 
Grove  City  College,  A.B.;   Pennsylvania  State  College,  M.A 

Rena  M.  Carlson,  M.A.L.S.,  Associate  Professor Head  Librarian 

Greenville  College,  A.B.;  Carnegie  Institute  of  Technology,  B.S.; 
Graduate  work  at  University  of  Southern  California;  University 
of  Michigan,  MA. 

Thomas  A.  Carnahan,  M.Ed.,  Associate  Professor 

Mathematics,  Safety  Education 
Grove  City  College,  B.S.;  Pennsylvania  State  College,  M.Ed.,  Addi- 
tional graduate  work  at  University  of  Southern  California;  Uni- 
versity of  Pittsburgh. 

Bruce  H.  Dinsmore,  M.S.,  Associate  Professor 

Science,  Physical  Education 
Indiana  State  Teachers  College,  B.S.;  Columbia  University,  M.A.; 
University  of  Pittsburgh,  M.S. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA 


Ruth  D.  Dougherty,  M.Ed.,  Assistant  Professor 

Health  and  Physical  Education 
Brenan  College,  A.B.;  Temple  University,  MEd. 

Charles  R.  Flack,  M.A.,  Associate  Professor Library  Science 

Graduate  Library  School,  University  of  Wisconsin;  University  of 
Alberta,  B.A.;  University  of  Illinois,  B.L.S.,  M.A.;  Graduate  study 
University  of  Illinois,  University  of  Chicago. 

Mildred  E.  Gamble,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor 

Demonstration  Teacher,  Intermediate  Grades 
Graduate,  Indiana  State  Normal  School,  University  of  Pittsburgh, 
A.B.;    Teachers    College,    Columbia   University,    M.A. 

Walter  L.  Hart,  M.  of  F.A.,  Associate  Professor 

Music,  Safety  Education 
Grove  City  College,  B.M.;  Carnegie  Institute  of  Technology,  M.  of 
F.A.;  Additional  graduate  work,  St.  Bonaventure  College;  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh,   New  York  University. 

C.  A.  Kuhner,  M.S.,  Assistant  Professor  Geography 

Ohio  University,  B.S.;  University  of  Wisconsin,  MS.;  Additional 
graduate  work,   University  of  Chicago,  University  of  Pittsburgh. 

George  R.  Lewis,  Ed.D.,  Professor  Mathematics 

East  Stroudsburg  State  Teachers  College,  B.S..  University  of 
Pittsburgh,  MLitt;  Graduate  work,  Bucknell  College,  Pennsyl- 
vania State  College,  Ed.D. 

Harry  S.  Manson,  M.A.,  Associate  Professor Biological  Science 

Graduate  of  Clarion  State  Normal  School;  Attended  Pennsylvania 
State  College;  Grove  City  College,  B.S.,  M.A.;  Additional  graduate 
work,  Cornell  University;  Teachers  College  Columbia  University; 
University  of  Pittsburgh;   University  of  Southern  California. 

Marie  Marwick,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor  Speech,  English 

Michigan  State  Normal  College,  B.Pd.;  University  of  Arizona,  A.B. ; 
Columbia  University,  M.A.;  Additional  graduate  work,  University 
of  Pittsburgh;  University  of  California. 

John  P.  Mellon,  B.S.,  Instructor  English 

Clarion  State  Teachers  College,  B.S.;  Graduate  work  at  University 
of  Colorado. 

James  D.  Moore,  Ed.M.,  Assistant  Professor,  Dean  of  Instruction 
Muskingum   College,   A.B.;   University  of  Pittsburgh,   Ed.M. 

Carolyn  A.  Mullin,  M.Ed.,  Associate  Professor 

Demonstration  Teacher,  Primary  Grades 
Westminster  College,  B.S.;  University  of  Pittsburgh,  M.Ed.;  Addi- 
tional  graduate  work,  University  of  Pittsburgh. 


STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Bertha  V.  Nair,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor 

Head  of  English  Department 
Westminster  College,  A.B.;  University  of  Pittsburgh,  M.A.;  Addi- 
tional graduate  work,  Harvard  University;  University ofWisconsin. 

Mary  C.  Nypaver,  M.A.T.,  Assistant  Professor 

Demonstration  Teacher,  Sr.  H.  S.  English,  Language 
Clarion  State  Teachers  College,  B.S.;  Duke  University,  M.AT. 

Donald  D.  Pierce,  Ph.D.,  Professor 

Head  of  Physical  Science  Department 
Oberlin  College,  A.B.;  Attended  Clarion  State  Normal  School; 
Graduate  work,  Pennsylvania  State  College;  University  of  Illinois, 
M.A.;  Ph.D. 

Virginia  M.  Pemberton,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor 

Demonstration  Teacher,  Primary  Grades 
Fredonia  State  Teachers  College,  Hofstra  College,  New  York 
University,  B.S.,  M.A.;  Additional  graduate  work,  New  York  Uni- 
versity. 

Donald  R.  Predmore,  Ph.D.,  Professor 

Biological  Science,  Education 
Miami  University,  Under  graduate  work;  University  of  Pittsburgh, 
B.S.,  M.A.,  Ph.D. 

Ruth  T.  Predmore,  B.S.,  Instructor 

Demonstration  Teacher,  Intermediate  Grades 
Clarion  State  Teachers  College,  B.S.;  Graduate  work,  University 
of  Pittsburgh. 

Grace  Pryor,  M.Ed.,  Assistant  Professor  Dean  of  Women 

Clarion   State   Teachers   College,   B.S.;    University   of  Pittsburgh, 

M.Ed.;  Additional  graduate  work  at  University  of  Pittsburgh, 
Westminster  College,   Bucknell,   University. 

Martha  T.  Riley,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor Geography 

Graduate,  Farmville  State  Normal  School;  George  Washington 
University,  B.A.;  Columbia  University,  M.A.;  Additional  graduate 
work,  Cornell  University,  Harvard  University,  University  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

Paul  L.   Shank,   Ph.D.,   Professor  Physical  Science,   Education 

Bethany  College,  B.S.;  Graduate  work,  University  of  West  Vir- 
ginia;  University  of  Pittsburgh,  M.Ed.;   Ph.D. 

Richard  C.  Skinner,  M.Ed.,  Associate  Professor 

Director  of  Teacher  Training,  Education 

West  Illinois  State  Teachers  College,  B.Ed.;  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, M.A.;  University  of  Illinois,  M.Ed.;  Additional  graduate 
work  at  University  of  Illinois. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  9 

Sewell  E.   Slick,   Ph.D.,   Professor,  Social  Studies,  Dean  of  Men 
University  of  Missouri,  B.A.;  University  of  Pittsburgh,  M.A.;Ph.D. 

Joseph  R.  Spence,  M.Ed.,  Assistant  Professor Art 

Edinboro  State  Teachers  College,  B.S.;  Pennsylvania  State  Uni- 
versity, M.Ed.;   Additional  graduate  work,  Syracuse  University. 

Martha  Stewart,  M.Ed.,  Associate  Professor Librarian 

Northwestern  University,  B.A.;  Carnegie  Institute  of  Technology, 
B.S.  in  L.S.;  University  of  Pittsburgh,  M.Ed. 

Dana   S.   Still,    Ph.D.,   Professor  _ English 

Ohio  State  University,  B.S.;  M.A.;  University  of  Pittsburgh,  Ph.D. 

Waldo  S.  Tippin,  M.A.,  Assistant  Professor 

Health  and  Physical  Education,  Education 

Attended  Kansas  State  College;  Geneva  College,  B.S.;  Graduate 
work  University  of  Michigan;   Columbia  University,  M.A. 

Samuel  A.  Wilhelm,  Ph.D.,  Professor 

Demonstration  Teacher,  Sr.  H.  S.  Social  Studies 

Clarion  State  Teachers  College,  B.S.;  University  of  Pittsburgh, 
Litt.M;  Ph.D.;  Graduate  work  University  of  Wisconsin  and  Har- 
vard University. 

John  W.  F.  Wilkinson,  Litt.D.,   (emeritus) 

Princeton  University,  A.B.,  A.M.;  Post  graduate  work  at  Columbia 
University;   Grove  City  College,  Litt.D. 

Charles  F.  Becker,  M.A.  (emeritus) 

Mt.  Union  College,  Ph.B. ;  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University, 
M.A.;  Additional  Graduate  work  at  Columbia;  Pennsylvania  State 
College;  University  of  Pittsburgh, 

Evelyn  J.  Strohecker,  M.A.  (emeritus) 

Graduate,  Susquehanna  University,  B.9.,  Graduate  work  at  Colum- 
bia University,  M.A.;  Additional  graduate  work,  Columbia  Uni- 
sity 

Hazel  Sandford,  M.A.   (emeritus) 

Graduate,  State  Normal  School,  Fredonia,  N.Y.;  Cornell  Univer- 
sity, B.S. ;  Graduate  work,  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University; 
New  York  School  of  Fine  Arts;  New  York  University,  M.A.;  Thurn 
School  of  Modern  Art;  Carnegie  Institute  of  Technology;  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh;  Study  in  Europe. 


10  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

COOPERATING  SUPERVISING  TEACHERS 

CLARION  JOINT  SCHOOLS 

Walter   J.   Doverspike,   MEd Sr.   H.   S.   Mathematics 

Dorothy   C.   Hartman,   A.B Sr.   H.   S.    English 

James  W.  Kassel,  M.Litt Jr.  H.S.  Geography,  General  Science 

Lawrence   W.   Marks,   A.B Sr.   H   S.   Science 

Marian    L    Marshall,    R.S Kindergarten 

Robert  L  Wiberg,  M.Ed Jr.  H.  S.   Social  Studier 

CLARION-LIMESTONE  HIGH  SCHOOL 

William  Homer  Kahle,  B.S Sr.  H.  S.  Social  F  ddies 

James  D.  Shof estall,  M.Ed Sr.  H.  S.  Mathematics,  Science 

Grace  Stewart,  M.Ed Sr.  H.  S.  English,  Social  Studies 

KEYSTONE  JOINT  HIGH  SCHOOL 

F.  John  Catalano,  B.  S Geography 

Charles  A.  Eddinger,  B.S Biology 

Mildred  M.  Fleming,  B.S Geography 

Aida  E.  Hanst,  B.S Mathematics 

Chalmer  F.  Kenemuth,  M.Ed Social  Studies 

Paul  N.  Marsteller,  MA.    . .    Jr.  Sr.  H.  S.  English 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  11 


PURPOSE  OF  THE  COLLEGE 

The  purpose  for  which  the  teachers  colleges  of  Pennsylvania 
are  established  is  set  forth  in  Section  2003  of  the  School  Laws  of 
Pennsylvania.  It  reads:  "The  colleges  shall  be  a  part  of  the  public 
school  system  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  their  purpose,  the  education 
and  preparation  of  teachers.  The  colleges  shall  provide  proper 
facilities  for  instruction  in  the  art  and  science  of  teaching,  for  the 
boarding  and  lodging  of  students  in  residence,  and  other  necessary 
facilities   approved   by  the   Superintendent  of  Public   Instruction." 

Clarion  prepares  teachers  for  the  elementary  schools.  It  prepares 
school  librarians  and  it  prepares  teachers  to  teach  the  following 
subjects  in  the  junior  and  senior  high  schools:  English,  history  and 
other  social  studies,  mathematics,  physics,  chemistry,  biology,  general 
science,  geography,  Latin,  French,  Spanish,  Speech,  and  safety  edu- 
cation. The  curriculum  is  designed  to  give  students  an  understanding 
of  the  basic  principles  of  each  of  the  major  fields  of  knowledge. 
Emphasis  in  the  last  two  years  is  on  the  professional  subject  matter. 
All  curricula  are  four  years  in  length,  and  all  lead  to  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science  in  Education  and  a  certificate  to  teach  in  the 
schools  of  the  Commonwealth.  The  titles  of  the  courses  and  a  short 
description  of  each  were  last  made  by  conferences  of  the  teachers  of 
all  the  fourteen  colleges  in  1951. 

Special  emphasis  has  been  placed  at  Clarion  on  the  training  of 
elementary  teachers  and  librarians  because  of  the  acute  shortage  in 
these  fields,  which  it  appears  will  exist  for  many  years  to  come. 
There  will  be  a  shortage  of  high  school  teachers  beginning  1958. 

At  Clarion  each  teacher  is  free  to  select  the  subject  matter  of 
his  courses  and  to  use  methods  of  his  own  choosing,  using  the 
state  syllabus  as  a  guide. 

The  curriculum  is  designed  to  give  professional  proficiency 
in  teaching  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject  matter  in  the 
field  a  student  elects.  It  emphasizes  those  skills  and  that  body  of 
knowledge  in  psychology  and  philosophy  which  enable  teachers  to 
interest  and  instruct  pupils.  The  college  teachers  at  Clarion  feel  the 
duty  of  demonstrating  the  principle  of  interesting  students  in  the 
subject  matter  of  each  lesson. 

Major  Objectives 

1 .  To  encourage  the  most  able  young  men  and  women  to  enter 
the  teaching  profession. 

2.  To  provide  a  teacher  education  curriculum  which  will  stimu- 
late the  maximum  growth  of  students. 


12  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Specific  Objectives 

3.  To  provide  each  student  with  a  physical  activity  in  which 
he  will  be  trained  to  that  point  of  proficiency  which  will 
ensure  enjoyment  and  a  sense  of  physical  accomplishment. 

4.  To  develop  an  appreciation  for  the  function  of  the  public 
school  in  American  democracy  and  to  explore  and  use  the 
resources  of  the  community  for  their  contribution  to  the 
growth  of  teachers. 

5.  To  impress  students  with  the  importance  of  teaching  as  a 
profession,  and  to  encourage  them  to  take  pride  in  it. 

6.  To  encourage  students  to  practice  activities,  both  physical 
and  mental,  particularly  those  activities  in  which  one  or 
two  may  participate,  for  the  enjoyment  of  leisure  time  in 
later  life. 

7.  To  promote  the  ability  to  think  accurately  on  the  basis  of 
evidence. 

8.  To  ensure  the  student's  ability  to  read,  write  and  speak 
effectively. 

9.  To  provide  students  with  basic  knowledge  concerning  in- 
dividual differences  of  children,  the  learning  processes,  the 
importance  of  early  childhood,  the  developmental  behavior  of 
children,  and  the  interaction  of  the  individual  and  groups. 

10.  To  train  students  in  effective  procedures  for  motivating, 
directing  and  evaluating  learning  and  instruction. 

11.  To  encourage  students  to  recognize  the  value  of  worthy 
family  relationships  and  of  services  to  be  rendered  by  teachers 
in  a  community. 

12.  To  provide  a  rich  program  of  co-curricular  interests  and 
activities  which  make  for  a  sense  of  belonging,  security, 
personal  worth  and  social  responsibility. 

13.  To  emphasize  the  moral  and  spiritual  purpose  and  aesthetic 
values  that  must  undergird  all  curricular  and  co-curricular  ex- 
periences of  prospective  teachers. 

14.  To  train  the  secondary  student  to  think  clearly  and  richly 
in  two  of  the  major  subject  matter  fields  so  that  his  interest 
in  those  fields  will  cause  him  to  grow  in  them  and  will  com- 
municate itself  to  his  pupils. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  13 

LOCATION 

The  college  is  situated  in  Clarion  County,  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  spots  among  the  hills  of  Western  Pennsylvania.  The  town 
has  a  population  of  4,000  and  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  towns 
in  the  State.  Clarion  is  in  the  trout  fishing  and  deer  hunting  area 
of  the  State.  Its  air  is  clear  and  invigorating;  its  surroundings  are 
pleasant  and  healthgiving.  Clarion  is  situated  upon  a  plateau  over- 
looking the  Clarion  River.  The  College  lies  upon  a  slight  elevation 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town.  Clarion  County  lies  at  the  junction 
of  the  coal,  oil,  and  gas  fields  and  is  therefore  surrounded  by 
industrial  areas  of  a  very  diversified  character,  thus  facilitating  study 
of  industry  without  the  necessity  of  living  in  it.  Because  of  the 
glass  and  natural  gas  it  is  the  center  of  the  State's  glass  manufactur- 
ing plants.  Clays  mined  in  the  Clarion  area  support  its  pottery,  tile, 
and  fire  brick  industries. 

HOW  TO  REACH  CLARION 

Clarion  is  located  on  the  Lake-to-Sea-Highway.  Thus  it  is  con- 
nected by  improved  roads  with  Bradford,  routes  219-68;  Brookville, 
DuBois,  Reynoldsville,  Luthersburg,  Clearfield,  and  Phillipsburg,  route 
322;  Butler,  East  Brady,  and  Rimersburg,  route  68;  Emlenton  and 
Knox,  routes  238-322;  Emporium,  routes  120-219-28-322;  Kane, 
routes  68-322;  Franklin  and  Meadville,  route  322;  Johnsonburg, 
routes  219-28-322;  Kittanning  and  New  Bethlehem,  route  66;  Oil 
City,  routes  62-157-66-322  and  257-322;  Port  Allegany,  routes  59-6- 
68-322;  Punxsutawney,  routes  310-322;  Ridgway,  routes  219-28- 
322;  Smethport,  routes  6-68-322;  St.  Mary's  routes  120-219-28-322. 

Motor  buses  operate  over  the  Lakes-to-Sea  Highway  from  Cleve- 
land via  Franklin  and  Clarion  and  between  Clarion,  Brookville,  and 
points  to  the  East.  Richey  Bus  Lines  run  two  buses  a  day  to  Pitts- 
burgh and  return  by  way  of  New  Bethlehem,  Kittanning,  Freeport, 
Tarentum,  New  Kensington,  and  Aspinwall.  The  Harmony  Short 
Line  furnishes  bus  transportation  to  and  from  Pittsburgh  by  way  of 
Emlenton,  Bruin,  Petroha,  Karns  City  and  Butler.  Clarion  is  most 
easily  reached  from  the  east  and  west  by  the  Lakes-to-Sea  Highway 
(No.  322)  ;  from  the  north  by  highways  from  Kane  and  from 
Ridgeway,  and  from  the  south  by  highways  from  Butler,  Kittanning 
and  Punxsutawney. 

CAMPUS  AND  BUILDINGS 

The  Campus  of  the  State  Teachers  College  at  Clarion  occupies 
twenty- five  acres.  The  grounds  have  been  laid  out  with  care  and 
furnish  a  beautiful  setting  for  the  twelve  buildings  which  comprise 
the  college  plant.  The  wide  lawns  with  their  beautiful  shade  trees 
and  flowering  shrubs  give  the  College  a  restful,  home-like  appear- 
ance and  provide  attractive  surroundings  for  study. 


14 


STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  15 

All  of  the  buildings  of  the  College  are  heated  by  steam,  auto- 
matically controlled  to  keep  rooms  between  68  and  72  degrees,  lighted 
by  electricity  and  supplied  with  hot  and  cold  water  and  all  con- 
veniences of  modern  living. 

Seminary  Hall  is  a  large  three-story  brick  building.  Here  are 
the  administrative  offices,  post  office,  library,  and  classrooms. 

Music  Hall  provides  a  studio,  practice  rooms,  and  instruction 
rooms  for  the  music  department.  Here  also  is  located  the  Women 
Day  Students'  rooms.    The  president's  home  is  on  the  second  floor. 

Founders  Hall  is  a  three-story  structure  providing  rooms  for 
laboratories,  shops,  business  offices,  and  book  store.  In  it  are  located 
the  Physics  and  Chemistry  departments. 

The  Chapel  is  an  attractive  stone  building  with  a  seating  ca- 
pacity of  five  hundred.  The  stage  has  been  provided  with  complete 
stage  equipment  for  the  use  of  dramatic  organizations. 

Becht  Hall,  the  dormitory  for  young  women,  was  named  for 
J.  George  Becht  who  was  president  of  the  College  from  1904  to 
1912.  It  is  of  modern  Spanish  type  architecture.  On  the  upper  floors 
are  found  accommodations  for  students;  rooms  are  neatly  furnished 
and  supplied  with  hot  and  cold  water.  Bathrooms  with  showers  are 
found  on  each  floor.  Two  very  attractive  hair  dressing  rooms  have 
been  installed,  each  equipped  with  tile  floor  and  plate  glass  mirrors. 
A  pleasant  lounge,  a  dining  hall,  a  conservatory,  and  two  social 
rooms  are  located  on  the  ground  floor.  There  are  two  guest  rooms 
on  the  first  floor. 

Egbert  Hall,  dormitory  for  young  men,  was  named  for  Pro- 
fessor Walter  R.  Egbert  who  was  teacher  and  dean  of  men  at  the 
College  from  1887  to  1920.  It  is  a  modern  building  of  up-to-date 
colonial  architecture,  containing  a  spacious  lounge,  and  an  apartment 
for  the  dean  of  men.   All  rooms  are  supplied  with  hot  and  cold  water. 

Ballentine  Hall,  dormitory  for  young  men,  was  named  for 
Professor  John  Ballentine,  who  was  a  teacher  and  at  various  times 
acting  president  at  the  College  from  1887  to  1920.  It  is  a  modern 
building  of  up-to-date  construction  and  has  sound  resistant  walls  with 
insulation  that  makes  it  warm  in  winter  and  cool  in  summer.  It  is 
fireproof  with  concrete  block  floors  and  ceilings. 

The  A.  J.  Davis  Education  Building  was  named  for  A.  J. 
Davis,  president  of  the  College  from  its  beginning  in  1887  to  1902. 
It  is  modern  in  design  and  well-equipped.  In  it  are  located  the  Art 
Department,  Biology  Department,  Geography  Department,  French  and 
Spanish  Department,  Health  Department,  Psychology  Department  and 
other  classrooms   of   the  Education   Department.   The  office  of  the 


16  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

College  nurse  and  the  Student  Union  are  on  the  first  floor  of  this 
building. 

Thaddeus  Stevens  Laboratory  School  was  named  for  Thad- 
deus  Stevens,  the  father  of  the  Pennsylvania  Public  School  Law  passed 
in  1834.  This  building  contains  accommodations  for  the  first  six 
grades  of  the  public  school  and  a  large,  well-equipped  kindergarten. 
This  school  is  used  for  practice  teaching  of  college  students.  The 
library  in  Thaddeus  Stevens  School  contains  an  excellent  collection 
of  books  for  children,  as  well  as  a  museum  in  which  are  found  many 
articles  to  be  borrowed  for  class  use. 

The  Harvey  Gymnasium  was  named  for  Frank  Laird  Harvey, 
a  Trustee  of  the  College  from  1911  to  1932.  The  building  is  ade- 
quately provided  with  equipment  of  all  kinds,  recreation  rooms,  and 
offices. 

A  modern  athletic  field  has  been  constructed  on  the  south  side 
of  the  campus.  It  contains  a  football  field,  baseball  diamond,  track, 
field  for  hockey  and  soccer  and  space  for  archery.  On  top  of  the  hill 
is  a  large,  new  athletic  field  for  intramural  games.  Leading  from  the 
top  of  the  hill  across  the  athletic  field  is  a  newly  constructed  toboggan 
slide  and  skiing  runway.  There  are  six  tennis  courts  on  top  of  the  hill 
constructed  of  concrete  and  surfaced  with  asphalt. 

The  Library  is  located  on  the  first  floor  of  Seminary  Hall.  In 
its  reading  room  are  found  reference  books,  over  230  current  maga- 
zines and  outstanding  newspapers.  There  are  30,405  volumes  in  the 
library  and  800  to  1,000  new  volumes  are  added  each  year.  A  recrea- 
tional reading  room  has  been  provided  for  fiction  and  for  general 
reading.  A  library  handbook  serves  as  a  guide  to  the  use  of  the 
library. 

The  books  have  been  carefully  selected  to  supplement  classroom 
instruction,  and  to  provide  general  and  recreational  reading  for  the 
student  teacher.  An  elementary  school  library  in  the  Thaddeus  Stevens 
Training  School  also  serves  the  teachers  and  student  teachers.  In- 
dividual needs  of  faculty  and  students  for  books  not  found  in  the 
college  collection  are  supplied  through  inter-library  loan  whenever 
possible. 

The  college  renders  special  service  to  rural  teachers  in  permitting 
them  to  borrow  box  libraries. 

Speech  Laboratory.  New  Laboratory  equipment  for  use  in  the 
enlarged  speech  curriculum  has  been  purchased  and  is  installed.  This 
equipment  includes  a  Sound-Scriber  voice  recording  machine  of  the 
professional  type  and  a  Western  Electric  6  A  Audiometer;  also  the 
multiple  test  Western  Electric  4  A  Audiometer. 


i  t 


■A? 


A-". 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  17 

Science  Laboratories  for  physical  sciences  are  located  in 
Founders'  Hall,  and  for  biological  sciences  in  Davis  Hall.  Each  is 
well  equipped  with  new,  modern  apparatus  and  other  facilities  for 
adequately  teaching  biology,  nature  study,  zoology,  botany,  physics, 
and  chemistry. 

The  Geography  Laboratory  is  to  be  found  on  the  second  floor 
of  Davis  Hall.  It  is  well  provided  with  maps,  charts,  geological 
specimens,  tables,  motion  picture  films,  and  other  appliances. 

Health  Service.  The  teachers  of  health  and  physical  education 
of  the  College  are  charged  with  its  activities  in  the  field  of  health 
education  and  athletics.  The  Health  Service  at  the  College,  attended 
by  a  registered  nurse,  provides  dispensary  care  and  limited  infirmary 
service.  The  dispensary,  located  in  Davis  Hall,  is  well-equipped  to 
handle  emergency  situations,  and  students  who  are  ill  enough  to  be 
confined  to  bed  may  be  cared  for  in  the  infirmary.  Every  student  is 
examined  each  year  by  the  College  Physician  when  he  or  she  enters 
Clarion. 


HOUSING  FACILITIES 

Resident  students  are  housed  in  three  modern  and  well-equipped 
dormitories:  Egbert  Hall  and  Ballentine  Hall  are  the  dormitories  for 
young  men;  Becht  Hall,  the  women  students'  residence,  has  a  large 
spacious  lounge. 

There  are  distinct  advantages  to  dormitory  life.  The  student 
enjoys  the  educational  adventure  of  group  living  with  his  own  con- 
temporaries and  the  building  of  friendships  with  a  wide  group  of 
individuals.  In  such  an  environment,  the  student  can  acquire  certain 
important  social  graces  and  poise  from  a  number  of  social  situations. 
At  the  same  time  more  careful  supervision  of  study  and  rest  habits 
result  in  improved  scholastic  standing. 

Electrical  appliances  employing  heating  elements,  such  as  toasters, 
coffee  makers,  etc.,  are  not  permitted  in  student  rooms. 

BECHT  HALL  FOR  WOMEN 

Reservations  for  rooms  in  the  dormitory  are  made  through  the 
Dean  of  Women  until  June  1st  and  after  that  date  at  the  office  of 
the  President  of  the  College.  At  the  time  of  reservation  a  $10  deposit 
fee  should  accompany  the  application. 

Becht  Hall  houses  160  women.  The  majority  of  rooms  are  for 
two  students  although  single  rooms  may  be  secured.  The  College 
provides  a  bed,  mattress,  two  blankets,  a  dresser,  a  study  table,  chairs, 
and  rugs  for  each  student.    The  student  is  expected  to  furnish  sheets 


18  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

(54  inches  by  99  or  63  by  99),  pillow  cases  (36  by  45),  towels, 
curtains,  personal  articles,  and  extra  bedding.  Lavatory  facilities  are 
found  on  each  floor.  The  student  infirmary  is  located  on  the  second 
floor  and  the  college  nurse  has  daily  office  hours  from  8  to  12  and 
1  to  5.  On  the  first  floor  is  the  college  dining  hall  in  which  all 
resident  students  take  their  meals.  More  than  400  persons  can  be 
accommodated  in  the  dining  hall.  There  is  a  television  room  in  the 
dormitory. 

The  Dean  of  Women  is  in  charge  of  the  dormitory  and  she 
along  with  the  Becht  Hall  Student  Council  sets  up  the  rules  and 
regulations  which  govern  group  living.  The  regulations  are  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  President. 

EGBERT  HALL  FOR  MEN 

The  dormitory  for  young  men  is  located  between  Music  Hall  and 
the  Harvey  Gymnasium.  It  is  supervised  by  the  Dean  of  Men.  It  has 
hot  and  cold  running  water  in  each  room.  Each  room  is  furnished 
with  beds,  mattresses,  two  blankets  per  person,  dressers,  study  tables, 
lounge  chairs,  straight  chairs  and  a  cabinet.  The  furniture  is  new 
and  of  a  mahogany  type.  Each  student  furnishes  sheets  for  single 
beds,  pillow  cases,  towels,  extra  bedding,  curtains,  lamps,  and  per- 
sonal effects.  There  are  lavatories,  showers,  and  lounge  for  the  con- 
venience of  students.     It  has  television  in  the  lounge. 

BALLENTINE  HALL  FOR  MEN 

Ballentine  Hall  is  a  new  modern  building,  cool  in  summer  and 
warm  in  winter.  It  has  new  innerspring  mattresses  on  all  beds.  One 
wall  has  built-in  wardrobes  and  closets.   It  has  television  in  the  lounge. 

LIVING  OUTSIDE  DORMITORIES 

Non-resident  women  students  commute  or  live  at  home  in  town. 
Women  students  are  not  permitted  to  take  their  board  and  room 
outside  the  dormitory  except  in  the  homes  of  relatives,  or  unless  they 
are  worfking  for  their  room  and  board.  In  any  of  these  cases  per- 
mission must  first  be  obtained  from  the  President  and  the  Dean  of 
Women.  This  arrangement  must  be  made  in  advance  with  the  admin- 
istration and  the  student  may  only  live  in  homes  previously  approved 
by  the  College.  Any  change  in  residence  during  the  school  year  must 
have  the  approval  of  the  proper  authorities  before  the  change  is  made. 

COMMUTING  STUDENTS'  ROOMS 

A  large  attractive  room  on  the  first  floor  of  Music  Hall  is 
furnished  for  commuting  women  students.  Comfortable  wicker  furni- 
ture, cots  for  relaxation,  mirrors,  book  cases,  tables  for  lunches  and 
study,  and  lavatory  facilities  are  arranged  for  the  convenience  of  the 
student  who  commutes  by  bus  or  automobile  from  nearby  communities. 

In  the  basement  of  Davis  Hall  is  a  comfortable  living  and  lunch 
room  for  the  men  students  who  commute.  This  room  is  furnished 
with  lockers  for  the  protection  of  student  property. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  19 

THE  SOCIAL  PROGRAM 

A  wide  variety  of  social  activities  are  distributed  throughout 
the  year  to  give  students  practice  in  correct  social  convention  and  to 
give  them  opportunity  to  assist  and  manage  their  social  affairs. 

Among  the  major  events  of  the  year  are:  The  Cook  Forest  Picnic, 
Homecoming  Day,  Christmas,  Pan-Hellenic  and  interfraternity  dances, 
and  Alumni  Week-end.  During  the  year  there  are  receptions,  teas, 
banquets,  luncheons,  and  special  dinners.  These  activities  usually 
center  in  the  Lounge,  Dining  Hall,  and  Social  Room  of  Becht  Hall. 
Sorority  and  fraternity  functions  also  contribute  to  the  objectives  of 
the  social  program. 

The  social  functions  are  financed  by  the  students  and  managed 
by  the  Social  Committee,  which  consists  of  equal  student  and  faculty 
representation.  Persons  who  are  not  enrolled  in  the  College  are 
admitted  to  parties,  dances,  and  other  events  only  as  guests  of  regular 
students  or  faculty  members. 

In  addition  to  the  above  mentioned  functions,  various  clubs  have 
outings  and  informal  parties.  Students  dance  in  the  gymnasium  Sat- 
urday evenings  until  10:30  o'clock. 

There  is  a  Student  Union  in  operation  where  students  meet.  It 
has  a  snack  bar  and  dance  floor. 

The  Purpose  of  the  Student  Activities  is  self-development. 
The  responsibility  for  their  success  rests  on  the  shoulders  of  the 
students.  The  meeting  of  each  club  is  one  period  in  length  for  which 
provision  is  made  on  the  regular  daily  schedule.  Some  clubs  meet 
every  week;  others  meet  every  other  week.  Students  may  participate 
in  one  of  the  activities  which  meet  every  week  or  in  two  of  the 
activities  which  meet  every  other  week.  However,  this  regulation 
need  not  exclude  participation  in  music  or  athletic  activities  if  the 
student  desires  such  activities.  Students  are  required  to  participate 
in  one  extra-curricular  activity  during  the  year.  Each  student  is  also 
required  to  take  part  in  an  activity  which  gives  physical  exercise.  Such 
activities  are:  physical  education  classes,  intramurals,  outdoor  club  and 
sportsman's  club. 

This  plan  of  student  participation  has  been  very  satisfactory.  The 
College  does  not  welcome  as  students  young  men  or  women  who  will 
not  cheerfully  accept  and  willingly  conform  to  regulations  demanded 
by  the  interests  of  all. 

The  Student  Senate  of  the  college  distributes  the  student  activity 
funds  to  various  student  organizations.  These  organizations  minister 
to  the  social  needs  of  the  students.  These  funds  consist  of  the  stu- 
dents' activity  fees.  From  these  funds  are  financed  the  student 
activities  of  varsity  athletics,  musical  organizations  of  band,  choir, 
and  ensembles;  the  dramatics,  the  college  yearbook,  college  news- 
paper, and  such  clubs  as  Camera  Club,  Outdoor  Club,  Art  Club,  Rifle 
Club,  Student  Christian  Association,  Newman  Club, International  Re- 


20  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

lations  Club,  Future  Teachers  of  America,  and  Association  of  Child- 
hood Education.  The  social  committee,  made  up  of  students  and  teach- 
ers, plans  dances  and  parties,  and  the  lecture  and  entertainment  com- 
mittee, made  up  of  four  students  and  four  teachers,  selects  assembly 
programs. 

COLLEGE  ACTIVITIES  NOT  INCLUDED 
IN  THE  CURRICULUMS 

The  college  Assembly  Programs  are  held  each  Thursday.  A 
committee  of  the  faculty  and  students  arranges  the  programs.  Out- 
standing lecturers,  musicians,  and  entertainers  appear  on  our  platform. 
Some  of  the  programs  during  the  year  are  presented  by  student  organ- 
izations to  give  students  experience  in  appearing  before  the  public. 
The  College  Players  present  plays,  and  the  A  Cappella  Choir  concerts. 
Clubs  that  give  programs  are:  Outdoor  Club,  Geography  Club,  Art 
Club,  International  Relations  Club,  Camera  Club,  Association  for 
Childhood  Education,  Library  Science  Department  and  History  De- 
partment. 

Attendance  at  Assembly  is  required.  Students  will  receive  one 
(1)  quality  point  for  each  semester  of  required  regular  attendance  at 
assembly.  The  following  policy  of  credits  and  penalties  for  absences 
will  be  followed: 


Number  of  Absences 

Grade 

Quality  Points 

1 

A 

1 

2 

B 

1 

3 

C 

0 

4 

D 

—1 

5 

E 

—1 

A  record  is 

kept  of 

students' 

attendance 

and 

placed  with  the 

students'  credentials  for  graduation. 

A  dean  of  women  and  a  dean  of  men  devote  time  to  student 
interests  and  social  life.  The  students  are  surrounded  by  influences 
to  make  life  happy,  cultured,  and  worthwhile. 

The  Newman  Club  is  a  coeducational  organization  which  pro- 
vides for  the  spiritual  and  cultural  heritage  of  Catholic  students.  Its 
activities  are  guided  by  a  priest  chaplain;  its  policies  are  suggested 
by  the  National  Federation  and  The  Regional  Province  of  Newman 
Clubs,  to  which  the  chapter  on  Clarion  Campus  belongs. 

The  Student  Christian  Association  holds  weekly  meetings 
on  Wednesday  evening.  The  students  plan  and  conduct  their  own 
meetings.  Each  semester  the  association  holds  a  reception  for  new 
students. 

In  The  Sunday  Schools,  connected  with  the  various  churches 
in  Clarion,  classes  have  been  formed  especially  for  college  students. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  21 

Students  are  urged  to  make  a  choice  of  one  of  the  churches  in 
the  town  for  regular  attendance  and  to  be  present  at  the  services  in 
the  churches  so  selected  at  least  once  each  Sunday. 

The  Art  Club  is  an  extra  curricular  organization  maintained 
for  the  purpose  of  benefiting  those  students  who  are  particularly 
interested  in  some  phase  of  art  activity  and  to  contribute  what  it  can 
to  the  art  of  the  community  and  college.  Its  program  varies  from 
year  to  year  but  sponsoring  moving  pictures  on  art  subjects  and 
bringing  exhibitions  of  artistic  merit  to  the  College  have  been  among 
its  activities.  When  the  Club  is  so  inclined  a  trip  to  Pittsburgh  is 
taken  to  visit  the  Carnegie  Galleries  and  other  buildings  of  interest. 
The  Club  tries  to  aid  other  organizations  in  the  College,  through 
the  making  of  posters,  lettering  of  certificates,  and  assisting  with 
dance  decorations.  The  Art  and  Press  Club  banquet  is  a  colorful 
event  in  which  both  Clubs  join. 

Athletics  For  Women.  Provision  is  made  for  participation  of 
all  women  students  in  many  forms  of  athletics.  Speedball,  hockey, 
soccer,  volleyball,  basketball,  baseball,  tennis,  archery,  golf,  hiking, 
and  other  sports  are  available  for  students.  Minor  activities  in  hand- 
ball, badminton,  shuffleboard  and  ping-pong  are  likewise  conducted. 

Intramural  competition  for  women  is  sponsored  by  the  Women's 
Athletic  Council  which  is  an  organization  composed  of  women  who 
have  attained  eligibility  through  a  sport's  point  system.  The  intra- 
mural program  furnishes  an  opportunity  for  those  with  officiating  as 
well  as  playing  abilities.  Coaching  advantages  offered  in  this  way 
have  helped  some  girls  with  summer  camp  problems  in  the  techniques 
of  directing  sports. 

Development  of  desirable  traits  in  sportsmanship,  leadership  and 
ability  to  work  and  play  with  others  is  promoted  at  all  times.  Per- 
sonal skills  and  efforts  toward  their  improvements  by  individuals 
are  likewise  encouraged  through  class  intramural  participation.  The 
purpose  of  the  program  is  to  make  it  functional  in  the  life  of  the 
individual  in  school  and  after  graduation. 

Athletics  For  Men.  In  addition  to  the  required  courses  in 
physical  education,  men  may  receive  extra-curricular  credit  for  partici- 
pation in  intercollegiate  athletics  and  in  intramural  athletics.  Clarion 
plays  other  colleges  in  football,  basketball,  baseball,  tennis,  and  some- 
times maintains  teams  in  track  and  wrestling.  The  men  participate  on 
intramural  teams  in  touch  football,  basketball,  baseball,  soccer,  volley- 
ball, badminton,  table  tennis,  handball,  and  horseshoes.  There  are  also 
available  for  exercise  such  facilities  as  skiing,  tobogganing,  archery, 
shuffleboard,  and  hiking. 

The  College  has  six  allweather  concrete  tennis  courts  on  the 
campus  and  a  good  athletic  field  that  provides  for  intercollegiate 
football,   baseball,   track  and  field  games.    This  is  a  four-acre  tract 


22  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

located  southwest  of  the  main  campus,  conveniently  near  the  gym- 
nasium and  easily  accessible  to  the  public  who  attend  our  inter- 
collegiate events. 

Through  physical  education  courses,  students  are  given  the  fund- 
amental knowledge  of  various  sports  and  taught  how  to  coach  these 
sports. 

Varsity  Club.  The  Varsity  Club  is  made  up  of  men  of  the 
College  who  have  earned  the  "C"  in  some  one  of  the  intercollegiate 
sports. 

Men's  Athletic  Council.  The  intercollegiate  athletic  program 
of  the  College  is  managed  by  the  Athletic  Council  working  in  con- 
junction with  the  President.  The  Council  consists  of  the  Director  of 
Physical  Education  and  two  other  faculty  members  appointed  by  the 
President  of  the  College,  one  member  from  the  Student  Senate  ap- 
pointed by  the  Student  Senate,  and  one  student  member  elected  by  the 
Varsity  Club. 

Dramatics.  The  campus  dramatic  organization  is  known  as 
the  College  Players.  Opportunities  for  gaining  experience  in  the 
various  phases  of  play  production  are  afforded  through  the  regularly 
scheduled  club  programs  and  through  public  productions.  By  means 
of  discussion  and  demonstration,  members  gain  a  working  knowledge 
of  the  principles  of  stage  lighting,  costuming,  make-up,  acting,  and 
directing.  Membership  in  the  organization  is  determined  by  competi- 
tive try-outs  open  to  all. 

The  Future  Teachers  of  America  Chapter  is  unique  in 
that  it  is  the  only  organization  in  Colleges  that  gives  or  has  possibili- 
ties of  giving  students  the  opportunity  for  active  participation  in 
local,  state,  and  national  educational  associations. 

Through  the  F.T.A.  the  student  member  establishes  a  profes- 
sional citizenship  he  will  wish  to  continue  as  long  as  he  is  a  teacher. 
Student  members  receive  each  month  the  state  and  national  educa- 
tional publications. 

F.T.A.  projects  and  merit  points  are  designed  to  give  each  mem- 
ber special  training  in  leadership.  Superintendents  and  placement 
bureaus  report  that  membership  in  the  F.T.A.  and  the  number  of  merit 
points  held  are  frequently  the  determining  factors  in  choosing  be- 
tween candidates  for  a  teaching  position. 

Membership  in  F.T.A.  should  be  esteemed  an  honor  and  an 
opportunity.  The  National  Education  Association  believes  that  no 
greater  honor  can  come  to  a  student  than  to  be  recognized  as  a 
member  of  the  Future  Teachers  of  America. 

The  Geography  Club  offers  students  an  opportunity  to  study 
phases  of  geography  that  are  of  greatest  interest.  Student  members 
assume  all  responsibility  of  the  club  organization  and  plan  all  pro- 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  23 

grams  for  the  interest  of  the  group.  Every  member  is  given  an 
opportunity  to  make  some  contribution  to  the  success  of  the  club. 
Planned  field  trips  afford  observation  of  activities  in  the  natural 
geographic  setting. 

The  International  Relations  Club  has  a  definite  objective: 
namely,  to  stimulate  and  intensify  the  interest  of  all  students  in  the 
scientific  and  unbiased  study  of  society  and  its  problems.  It  is  here 
that  all  political,  economic  and  social  questions  may  be  discussed 
openly  and  freely. 

Music  Organizations.  Musical  organizations  are  A  Cappella 
Choir,  Band,  Girls'  Ensemble,  and  Men's  Quartet.  Students  have 
an  opportunity  to  continue  their  previous  training  in  singing  the 
best  type  of  music  available.  The  students  in  the  A  Cappella  Choir 
make  a  number  of  trips  to  sing  at  high  schools  and  churches  each  year. 

The  Association  for  Childhood  Education  International  is  a 
world  wide  organization  whose  purpose  is  to  provide  better  educational 
opportunities  for  children  of  the  kindergarten,  primary  and  inter- 
mediate age  levels;  to  promote  modern  education  for  all  children; 
to  promote  the  best  methods  and  techniques  of  teaching,  and  to  raise 
the  standard  of  teacher  training  throughout  the  world.  All  teachers, 
administrators,  and  students  interested  in  elementary  education  are 
eligible  for  membership. 

Outdoor  Club.  Activities:  Nature  hikes,  camping,  marksman- 
ship, swimming,  boating,  fishing,  bicycle  riding,  athletic  games,  skat- 
ing, toboganning,  archery,  horseshoe  pitching,  and  lawn  bowling. 

The  Camera  Club  is  planned  to  give  students  formerly  inter- 
ested in  photography  an  opportunity  to  continue  their  hobby  and  to 
furnish  a  new  hobby  for  those  students  who  have  recently  become 
interested  in  the  study  of  photography. 

Panhellenic  Council.  This  is  a  group  of  two  representatives 
from  each  of  the  four  sororities  on  the  campus.  Each  year  this  group 
sponsors  a  tea,  a  dinner,  and  a  dance. 

Sororities.  There  are  four  sororities  on  the  campus.  The  Delta 
Sigma  Epsilon  and  Sigma  Sigma  Sigma  are  national  sororities.  The 
local  Sororities  are  Lambda  Chi  Delta  and  Sigma  Delta  Phi. 

Fraternities.  There  are  three  fraternities  on  the  campus.  They 
are  the  Delta  Kappa,  the  Alpha  Gamma  Phi,  and  the  Sigma  Tau 
Gamma. 

The  Press  Club  has  the  publication  of  the  college  paper,  "The 
Clarion  Call,"  as  its  main  objective.  It  aims  also  to  give  the  pros- 
pective teachers  training  they  will  need  later  in  directing  school  pub- 
lications.   In  the  programs  presented  at    Press  Club  meetings,  various 


24  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

types  of  newspaper  articles  are  discussed,  and  illustrations  of  the 
best  are  read.  The  papers  from  other  colleges  are  studied  and 
through  comparison  and  constructive  criticism  the  students  attempt 
to  improve  the  quality  of  their  own  College  paper.  A  trip  is  made 
each  year  either  to  Pittsburgh  or  the  local  printing  office  to  learn 
how  a  newspaper  is  published. 

The  "Sequelle/'  the  college  annual,  is  another  publication  that 
aims  to  portray  the  student  activities  on  the  campus.  It  is  published 
by  a  staff  of  representative  seniors  who  have  evidenced  an  interest 
in  journalism.  Special  features  of  this  book  are  the  records  and  pic- 
tures of  clubs,  sports,  and  activities  which  contribute  an  important 
part  of  the  students'  social  and  intellectual  training. 

THE  SUMMER  SESSION 

The  Summer  Session  is  maintained  for  the  benefit  of  regular 
college  students  as  well  as  for  teachers  in  service.  By  taking  ad- 
vantage of  the  summer  sessions,  teachers  can  secure  the  professional 
training  needed  to  meet  the  requirements  for  standard  certification. 
Advanced  courses  are  offered  in  the  summer  session  for  the  benefit 
of  teachers  who  desire  to  secure  credits  toward  a  degree  in  education, 
or  for  permanent  certification. 

Because  of  its  location  and  environment,  Clarion  makes  a  strong 
appeal  to  those  who  desire  to  combine  work  with  recreation  during 
the  summer.  The  mountain  location  provides  a  pleasant  summer 
climate. 

The  regular  Summer  Session  of  1956  will  open  on  June  25  and 
close  on  August  3.  The  pre-summer  session  will  be  three  weeks 
from  June  4  to  June  22.  The  post- session  extends  three  weeks  from 
August  6  to  August  24. 

ACCELERATED  PROGRAM 

Students  who  take  three  summer  terms  of  twelve  weeks  each, 
finish  the  four-year  course  in  three  years. 

NIGHT  CLASSES 

Thursday  night  classes  are  organized  each  semester  for  the  con- 
venience of  the  teachers  of  this  area.  Work  done  in  these  courses 
gives  customary  college  credit  and  may  be  offered  toward  a  degree. 
A  teacher  may  take  two  courses  of  three  semester  hours  each  semester 
or  a  total  of  six  credits. 

PENNSYLVANIA  REGIONAL 
AUDIO- VISUAL  LIBRARY 

Clarion  State  Teachers  College  serves  as  a  distributing  center 
for  visual  aids  and  equipment  of  the  Pennsylvania  Regional  Audio- 
Visual  Library. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  25 

Films,  Filmstrips,  and  other  sensory  aids  held  in  this  library 
contribute  valuable  resource  material  for  the  enrichment  of  courses 
of  study  in  vocational  and  secondary  education.  Special  fields  in 
which  materials  are  available  include  Vocational  Agriculture,  Voca- 
tional Homemaking,  Vocational  Trade-Industrial  Education  and  Vo- 
cational Guidance. 

Materials  and  projection  equipment  may  be  rented  by  the  week 
at  nominal  rates. 

PLACEMENT  SERVICE 

The  Placement  Service  of  the  College  cooperates  with  the  Place- 
ment Service  of  the  State  Department  of  Public  Instruction,  Harris- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  thus  offering  additional  facilities  for  the  place- 
ment of  students  and  graduates  in  positions. 

The  Placement  Service  assists  school  officials  to  secure  competent 
teachers,  and  aids  teachers  to  secure  suitable  positions  in  the  field 
of  service  for  which  their  training  best  fits  them. 

The  estimate  of  the  College  concerning  the  scholarship  and 
teaching  skill,  conduct  and  general  demeanor  of  students  is  often 
sought  by  school  officials. 

The  Placement  Service  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  Richard  C.  Skinner. 
This  is  also  a  part  of  the  work  of  the  President  of  the  College. 

Students  after  graduation  are  urged  to  keep  up  their  contacts 
with  the  College,  in  order  that  their  Alma  Mater  many  render  further 
service,  not  only  in  helping  them  to  secure  better  positions  but  to 
assist  them  to  improve  in  their  present  positions. 

STUDENT  ACTIVITY  FEE 

A  Student  Activity  Fee  is  determined,  collected,  and  administered 
under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  by  Clarion  Students' 
Association.  This  fee  amounting  to  $15.00  each  semester,  will  cover 
the  cost  of  student  activities  in  athletics,  lectures,  entertainments,  stu- 
dent publications,  and  the  like.  The  Student  Activity  Fee  for  the 
summer  session  is  $2.00.  Check  for  this  amount  must  be  drawn 
to  the  Clarion  Students'  Association,  not  to  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania. 

REGULATIONS  REGARDING  CHARGES  AT  THE 
STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGES 

(All  fees  are  subject  to  change) 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Presidents  of  the  fourteen  State 
Teachers  Colleges  of  Pennsylvania  it  was  recommended  that  the 
charges  of  the  State  Teachers  Colleges  of  the  Commonwealth  be 
uniform.  This  recommendation  was  subsequently  approved  by  the 
several  Boards  of  Trustees  and  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion. 


26  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

The  regulations  regarding  the  charges  are  as  follows: 

1.  A  Contingent  Fee,  amounting  to  ninety  dollars  for  the  regular 
year  of  thirty-six  weeks  or  forty-five  dollars  for  each  semester 
of  eighteen  weeks,  shall  be  charged  to  cover  registration  and 
keeping  of  records  of  students,  library,  students  welfare,  health 
service  (other  than  extra  nurse  and  quarantine),  and  laboratory 
facilities.  Check  for  this  amount  must  be  drawn  to  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Pennsylvania. 

The  Contingent  Fee  for  five  or  fewer  semester  hours  during  a 
semester  is  $9.00  per  semester  hour. 

The  Contingent  Fee  for  the  summer  session  is  $9.00  per  semester 
hour.  A  minimum  contingent  fee  of  $27.00  is  charged  for  the 
summer  term. 

2.  For  Board,  furnished  room,  heat,  light,  and  limited  laundry  the 
charge  shall  be  $126.00  during  each  half  semester.  At  the 
discretion  of  the  president  of  the  college,  an  additional  $36.00 
may  be  charged  each  semester  to  a  student  occupying  a  double 
room  alone,  or  twelve  dollars  for  the  summer  session.  No 
reduction  shall  be  allowed  for  laundry  done  at  home,  nor  for 
absence  of  a  few  days  from  the  college. 

3.  For  damage,  breakage,  loss,  or  delayed  return  of  college  property 
the  charge  shall  be  equal  to  the  extent  of  the  loss. 

4.  An  additional  charge  of  one  dollar  shall  be  made  for  each  day 
beyond  three  days  in  the  regular  college  infirmary.  This  charge 
is  not  to  cover  special  nursing  and  medical  service. 

There  shall  be  a  charge  of  two  dollars  a  day  to  day-students 
admitted  to  the  regular  college  infirmary  under  the  regulations 
of  the  college,  to  cover  board,  and  nursing. 

5.  Students  whose  legal  residence  is  out  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania 
shall  be  charged  at  the  rate  of  $9.00  per  semester  hour.  If 
such  students  are  enrolled  in  a  special  curriculum,  they  shall  pay 
the  special  fees  in  addition  to  the  fee  of  $9.00  per  semester  hour. 

6.  A  fee  of  $5.00  is  paid  by  each  degree  candidate  to  cover  the 
cost  of  executing  his  diploma. 

7.  A  deposit  of  $10.00  shall  be  made  by  prospective  dormitory 
students  when  they  request  advance  room  reservations.  It  will 
be  deposited  with  the  Revenue  Department  to  the  credit  of  the 
student's  contingent  fee.  Check  for  this  amount  must  be  drawn 
to  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  If  the  student  notifies 
the  college  at  least  3  weeks  prior  to  the  opening  of  the  semester 
that  he  is  unable  to  enter,  or  if  the  student  is  rejected  by  the 
college,  repayment  will  be  made  to  the  student  through  the 
Revenue  Department. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  27 

8.  No  student  shall  be  allowed  to  enroll,  graduate,  or  receive  tran- 
script of  record  against  whom  there  are  any  unpaid  charges. 

9.  According  to  the  regulations  of  the  Revenue  Department,  all 
charges  shall  be  paid  in  advance. 

10.  One  copy  of  a  transcript  of  credits  earned  at  the  State  Teachers 
College  at  Clarion  will  be  issued  free  of  charge.  A  charge  of 
$1.00  is  made  for  a  second  and  each  subsequent  transcript.  Per- 
sons desiring  to  have  their  credits  transferred  to  another  institu- 
tion should  give  the  name  and  address  of  such  institution. 

11.  Late  Registration  Fee.  Effective  September  1,  1939,  each  student 
registering  after  the  date  officially  set  for  registration  shall  pay 
an  additional  fee  of  $1.00  per  day  until  the  student  is  in  regular 
attendance  in  accordance  with  the  State  regulation,  provided  that 
the  total  amount  of  the  Late  Registration  Fee  shall  not  exceed 
$5.00,  except  when  permission  for  late  registration  has  been 
secured  from  the  President  because  of  illness  or  any  other  unavoid- 
able causes.  The  same  regulation  shall  apply  to  inter-semester 
payments.    Registration  is  not  complete  until  all  fees  are  paid. 

REGULATIONS  REGARDING  REPAYMENTS 

Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Board  of  Presidents  of  the 
State  Teachers  Colleges  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  approved  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  the  Boards  of  Trustees  of 
the  State  Teachers  Colleges,  the  following  regulations  regarding  re- 
payment of  funds  were  adopted: 
I.  Repayment  will  not  be  made: 

1.  To  students  who  are  temporarily  suspended,  indefinitely  sus- 
pended, dismissed,  or  who  voluntarily  withdraw  from  college. 

2.  For  any  part  of  the  advance  registration  deposit  for  any 
cause  whatsoever  except  where  students  can  give  notice  of 
intention  to  withdraw  at  least  three  weeks  before  the  college 
opens  or  when  the  Student  is  rejected  by  the  college. 

II.  A  repayment  will  be  made  for  personal  illness,  the  same  being 
certified  to  by  an  attending  physician,  or  for  such  other  reasons 
as  may  be  approved  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  the  amount  of 
the  housing  and  contingent  fees  paid  by  the  student  for  the  part  of 
the  semester  which  the  student  does  not  spend  in  college. 

III.  The  advance  registration  deposit  will  be  returned  to  students 
provided  they  notify  the  College  not  less  than  three  weeks  before 
the  opening  of  the  semester  or  term  of  their  intention  not  to 
attend,  or  provided  the  student  is  rejected  by  the  college. 

IV.  There  shall  be  no  repayment  for  any  part  of  the  Student  Activity 
Fee  for  any  cause  whatsoever. 

V.  Refunds  will  not  be  made  unless  the  student  quits  school. 
VI.  Students   who   start   boarding   in   the   dining   room   will   not   be 
permitted  to  drop  out  during  the  year  unless  they  leave  school. 


28  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

SUMMARY  OF  FEES 

Cost  For  Students  Living  At  The  College 
(All  fees  are  subject  to  change) 

First  Semester 

Amount  due  September  10: 

Activity  Fee  _ _ _ _ $  15.00 

Contingent  Fee _ _ 22.50 

Room,  Board  and  Laundry  126.00 

Total  due  September  10  $163.50 

Amount  due  November  12: 

Contingent  Fee $  22.50 

Room,  Board  and  Laundry  _ 126.00 

Total  due  November  12 $148.50 

Total  —  First  Semester  _ „ $312.00 

Second  Semester 

Amount  due  January  28: 

Activity  Fee  „ $  15.00 

Contingent  Fee  ...„ 22.50 

Room,  Board  and  Laundry  126.00 

Total  due  January  28 $163.50 

Amount  due  April  1: 

Contingent  Fee _ ....$  22.50 

Room,  Board  and  Laundry  126.00 

Total  due  April   1   $148.50 

Total  —  Second  Semester $312.00 

Total  For  Year  _ $624.00 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  29 


Cost  For  Students  Not  Living  At  The  College 

First  Semester 

Amount  due  September  10: 

Activity  Fee  $  15.00 

Contingent  Fee 22.50 

Total  due  September  10  $  37.50 

Amount  due  November  12: 

Contingent  Fee „ „ $  22.50 

Total  —  First  Semester $  60.00 

Second  Semester 

Amount  due  January  28: 

Contingent  Fee $  22.50 

Activity  Fee  „ 15.00 

Total  due  January  28  $  37.50 

Amount  due  April  1 : 

Contingent   Fee  $  22.50 

Total  —  Second  Semester  $  60.00 

Total  For  Year  $120.00 

A  student's  books  for  a  year  cost  between  $20  and  $40,  de- 
pending on  the  courses  he  takes. 

SUMMER  TERM  COSTS 

The  Contingent  Fee  is  $9.00  for  each  semester  hour  of  credit. 
(A  minimum  contingent  fee  of  $27.00  is  charged  for  the  summer 
term.) 

Pre-session $  42.00  for  board,  room  and  limited  laundry 

Regular  session $  84.00  for  board,  room  and  limited  laundry 

Post  session  $  42.00  forboard,  room  and  limited  laundry 

There  is  an  activity  fee  of  $2.00  for  the  regular  session. 


30  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

LIBRARY  SCIENCE  FEE 

Students  taking  the  library  science  course  will  pay  a  special  fee 
of  $9  per  semester  for  each  semester  they  are  taking  library  science 
courses,  and  $3  for  the  summer  session. 

Board  and  Room.  The  dining  room  for  both  men  and  women 
boarding  students  is  located  in  Becht  Hall.  The  kitchen  and  bakery 
are  provided  with  the  most  modern  equipment  and  are  kept  in  ex- 
cellent condition.  A  competent  corps  of  trained  and  experienced 
persons  provide  the  best  quality  of  food,  well-cooked,  properly  sea- 
soned, and  served  attractively. 

Uniforms  for  Physical  Education  Class.  The  College  re- 
quires a  regulation  uniform  for  all  women  taking  physical  education. 
These  suits  are  purchased  only  at  the  College  book  store  by  arrange- 
ment with  the  physical  education  department.  Therefore,  students 
may  save  themselves  unnecessary  expense  by  waiting  until  they  are 
informed  about  suits  before  buying  them  elsewhere,  as  other  uniforms 
will  not  be  acceptable. 

Notice  of  Withdrawal.  Students  leaving  college  must  notify 
the  President  of  their  withdrawal.  Regular  charges  will  be  made  until 
such  notice  is  received. 

Guests.  Arrangements  for  room  guests  at  Becht  Hall  and 
Egbert  Hall  must  be  approved  by  the  Dean  of  Women  or  the  Dean 
of  Men,  respectively.   Guest  rate,  50  cents  per  night. 

Guest  rates  in  the  College  dining  room,  payable  to  the  dietitian, 
are  as  follows:  breakfast,  50  cents;  lunch,  75  cents;  dinner  $1.00. 

Help  for  Worthy  Students.  The  College  desires  to  en- 
courage self-supporting  students,  but  it  cannot  promise  sufficient 
work  to  any  student  to  defray  his  full  expenses.  Students  who  are 
employed  by  the  College  are  paid  in  cash  for  their  services.  Prefer- 
ence in  employment  is  given  on  the  basis  of  need  and  merit.  At  the 
present  time  we  have  some  places  for  table  waiters  and  typists. 

State  Scholarships.  Holders  of  the  State  Scholarship  may 
attend  Clarion.  These  scholarships  are  obtained  by  taking  competi- 
tive examinations  under  county  superintendents  in  the  senior  year  in 
high  school. 

Funds  for  Worthy  Students.  The  Alumni  Association  is 
sponsoring  a  permanent  fund  to  be  known  as  the  Clarion  State 
Teachers  College  Student  Loan  Fund.  It  has  empowered  the  First  Sen- 
eca Bank  and  Trust  Company,  of  Clarion,  to  place  this  fund  on  interest 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  31 

and  to  make  loans  out  of  it  according  to  recommendations  by  a  com- 
mittee, consistingof  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  College,  some  other  member  of  the  faculty,  and  two  alumni 
of  the  College.  The  committee  has  passed  the  following  regulations: 
No  more  than  three  hundred  dollars  shall  be  loaned  to  any  student 
during  the  four  years.  Interest  shall  be  4  per  cent  from  the  date  of 
graduation  or  from  the  date  the  student  leaves  school.  Students 
obtaining  loans  must  have  a  property  owner  endorse  their  notes.  To 
borrow  from  this  fund  a  student  must  have  a  scholastic  average  of 
at  least  "C". 

The  Loan  Fund  of  the  Clarion  County  Chapter  of  the 
D.A.R.  The  Clarion  County  Chapter  of  the  D.A.R.  has  established  a 
loan  fund,  to  be  loaned  to  deserving  students  and  administered  in  the 
same  way  as  the  Alumni  Loan  Fund. 

The  Lorena  Given  Memorial  Fund.  In  memory  of  Lorena 

Given,  former  teacher  at  the  College,  a  loan  fund,  amounting  now 

to  one  hundred  dollars,  has  been  established,  to  be  administered  in 
the  same  way  as  the  Alumni  Loan  Fund. 

The  J.  George  Becht  Memorial  Loan  Fund.  In  memeory 
of  J.  George  Becht,  former  principal  of  the  college,  a  loan  fund,  now 
amounting  to  one  hundred  dollars,  has  been  established,  to  be  admin- 
istered in  the  same  way  as  the  Alumni  Loan  Fund. 

The  1913  Class  Loan  Fund.  The  class  of  1913  established  in 
1928  a  loan  fund  of  $205.35.  to  be  administered  in  the  same  way  as 
the  Alumni  Loan  Fund. 

A.  J.  Davis  Loan  Fund.  The  A.  J.  Davis  Loan  Fund  in  the 
amount  of  $362.20  is  to  be  administered  in  the  same  way  as  the 
Alumni  Loan  Fund. 

H.  W.  Colegrove  Scholarship  Awards.  A  trust  fund  estab- 
lished at  the  First  National  Bank  of  Port  Allegany  by  Mr.  H.  W. 
Colegrove  provides  for  scholarships  of  $100  each  per  year  to  be 
awarded  to  students  from  McKean  County.   (Port  Allegany  section.) 

The  Frank  L.  Harvey  Student  Loan  Fund  in  the  amount 
of  $1,000.  The  criteria  to  be  used  in  making  decisions  as  to  the  ones 
to  borrow  from  this  fund  will  be:  (1)  The  real  need  for  such  a 
loan,  (2)  the  love  of  children  and  young  people,  (3)  a  modicum  of 
brains,  (4)  an  understanding  heart,  (5)  a  sense  of  responsibility. 

H.W.  Colegrove  Scholarship  Loan  Fund  Trust.  The  will 
of  Mr.  Colegrove  provides  that  The  First  National  Bank  of  Port 
Allegany  may  make  loans  from  his  trust  fund     up  to  $200  in  any 


32  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

one  year,  and  not  more  than  $500  to  any  one  student,  at  the  rate 
of  2%  interest  per  annum  while  the  borrower  is  attending  school 
and  4%  per  annum  after  leaving  school. 

Anna  B.  Lilly  Scholarship  Fund.  A  scholarship  of  $130  a 
year  established  by  Anna  B.  Lilly  will  be  awarded  annually  to  a 
student  of  the  college  selected  by  ballot  by  the  teachers  of  the  college. 

The  R.  H.  Duntley  Memorial  Loan  Fund.  Miss  Alice  C. 
Duntley  has  established  a  loan  fund  in  memory  of  her  father,  R.  H. 
Duntley  of  the  class  of  1892,  and  a  former  Trustee  of  the  College. 
It  amounts  to  $100,  to  be  used  as  a  loan  to  a  senior  student  of 
Warren  or  McKean  County  and  to  be  administered  by  the  Alumni 
Loan  Fund  Committee. 

The  Christine  A.  Dickinson  Memorial  Loan  Fund.  A  loan 
fund  of  $150  has  been  established  as  a  memorial  to  Christine  A. 
Dickinson,  alumna  of  Clarion,  and  for  many  years  a  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  of  Ridgway,  Pennsylvania.  This  fund  is  to  be  used 
preferably  for  elementary  teaching  students  from  Elk  County,  and 
is  to  be  administered  in  the  same  way  as  the  Alumni  Loan  Fund. 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  ADMISSION 

In  accordance  with  the  principles  governing  admission  adopted 
April  12,  1932,  by  the  Board  of  Teachers  College  Presidents,  five 
general  requirements  were  set  up  for  admission  to  teachers  colleges: 

1.  General  Scholarship. 

2.  Character  and  Personality. 

3.  Health  and  Physical  Vigor. 

4.  English  Fundamentals  and  Psychological  Tests. 

5.  A  Personal  Interview. 

Candidates  for  admission  must  satisfy  these  five  general  require- 
ments in  detail  as  outlined  below. 

1.  General  scholarship  as  evidenced  by  (graduation  from  an 
approved  four-year  high  school)  the  completion  of  the  work  of  the 
10th,  11th,  and  12th  grades  of  an  approved  secondary  school  or  in- 
stitution of  equivalent  grade,  or  equivalent  (preparation)  education 
as  determined  by  the  Credentials  Division  of  the  Department  of 
Public  Instruction,  and  ranking  in  the  upper  half  of  the  class  at 
graduation.  Candidates  for  admission  who  lack  this  rank  at  grad- 
uation will  be  required  to  present  further  evidence  of  fitness. 

a.  Applicants   ranking   in   the   upper   half   of   their  graduation 
class  in  secondary    (high)    school  will  be  admitted  on  cer- 


c 
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X 

H 
X 

u 
w 
PQ 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  33 


tificate  without  further  evidence  of  general  scholarship. 

b.  Applicants  who  do  not  rank  in  the  upper  half  of  the  grad- 
uating class  may  be  admitted  on  probation,  provided : 

(1)  They  are  recommended  by  their  (high  school)  second- 
ary school  principal  as  being  able  to  do  creditable  college 
work,  and 

(2)  Appraisal  of  the  detailed  (high  school)  secondary  school 
record  indicates  to  admission  authorities  of  the  college 
that  the  candidates  can  do  satisfactory  college  work. 
Whenever  available,  candidates  are  urged  to  present  to 
the  admission  authorities  cumulative  records  of  (high 
school)  secondary  school  work  such  as  were  used  by  the 
Carnegie  Foundation  in  the  Pennsylvania  Study,  and 

(3)  A  rating  satisfactory  to  the  institution  is  made  on  a 
scholastic  aptitude  test  administered  at  the  college.  Appli- 
cants satisfactorily  meeting  the  requirements  (1),  (2), 
and  (3)  above  will  be  admitted  on  probation.  Such 
students  may  be  required  to  withdraw  from  the  college 
unless  they  meet  the  required  standard  of  scholarship 
in  at  least  (9)  semester  hours  of  work. 

Students  engaged  in  drinking,  gambling,  shooting  firecrackers 
on  premises,  or  the  willful  destruction  of  property  will  be 
dismissed. 

Women  living  away  from  home  are  not  permitted  to  keep 
automobiles  at  the  college. 

Foreign  languages,  ancient  or  modern,  are  not  required  for 
entrance.  Students  may  enter  from  the  following  departments 
of  accredited  high  schools:  Commercial,  vocational,  agricul- 
tural, college  preparatory,  home  economics,  and  general.  The 
grades  students  have  made  in  high  school  are  more  important 
than  the  subjects  they  have  selected. 
2.  Integrity  and  appropriate  personality  as  shown  by  an  esti- 
mate by  secondary  school  officials  of  the  candidate's  trust- 
worthiness, initiative,  industry,  social  adaptability,  personal 
appearance,  and  sympathy. 

a.  The  estimate  of  the  secondary  school  official  will  be  recorded 
by  a  check  margin  in  the  appropriate  column  of  a  three  point 
rating  scale  as  follows:    Low     Middle     High 

Trustworthiness 

Initiative 

Industry 

Social  Adaptibility 

Personal  Appearance 

Sympathy 

Emotional  Stability 


34  STATE  TEACHERS  COTJ.EGE 

b.  This  will  be  included  as  part  of  the  (high  school)  secondary 
school  record  blank. 

3.  Health,  physical  vigor,  emotional  stability,  absence  of  physical 
defects  that  would  interfere  with  the  successful  performance  of  the 
duties  of  a  teacher  and  absence  of  predisposition  towards  ill  health 
as  determined  by  a  medical  examination. 

a.  All  applicants  for  admission  shall  present  a  certificate  of 
examination  signed  by  a  physician  legally  qualified  to  practice 
in  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  Forms  for  the  exam- 
ination will  be  furnished  by  the  college.  This  physical  exam- 
ination will  be  checked  by  the  examining  physician  at  the 
college. 

b.  Applicants  may  be  rejected  for  the  following  reasons: 

(1)  Incurable  defects  or  diseases  as  of  the  heart,  lungs,  kid- 
neys, digestive  system,  nervous  system,  including  hysteria, 
epilepsy,  nervous  instability,  skin,  organs  of  the  special 
senses,  thyroid. 

(2)  Defective  vision  of  marked  degree. 

(3)  Permanently  impaired  hearing. 

(4)  Marked  speech  defects. 

(5)  Unsightly  deformities. 

Students  with  remedial  defects  may  be  accepted  on  condition 
that  immediate  treatment  be  undertaken  for  the  removal  of 
those  defects.  A  complete  medical  examination  is  also  made 
at  the  college  for  all  students  at  the  beginning  of  each  year 
in  accordance  with  the  requirement  of  the  Association  of  Col- 
leges for  Teacher  Education. 

4.  Normal  intelligence  and  satisfactory  command  of  English  as 
shown  by  ratings  in  standard  tests.  The  tests  to  be  used  will  be 
prescribed  each  year  by  the  Board  of  Presidents  and  will  be  uniform 
for  all  State  Teachers  Colleges. 

5.  A  personal  interview  with  particular  attention  to  personality, 
speech  habits,  social  presence,  expressed  interest  of  the  applicant  and 
a  promise  of  professional  development. 

a.  The  personal  interview  is  to  serve  two  purposes: 

(1)  It  is  to  give  the  examining  committee  of  the  college 
an  opportunity  to  select  from  the  applicants  for  ad- 
mission those  persons  who  give  promise  of  becoming 
desirable  teachers. 

(2)  It  is  to  take  an  inventory  of  the  personal  characteristics 
of  the  applicants  who  are  admitted,  making  this  inven- 
tory available  to  instructors  and  officers  concerned  with 
personnel  work  in  the  college. 

If  at  any  time  after  a  student  has  entered  the  college  a  serious 
weakness  appears  which  was  not  discovered  at  the  time  of  entrance 
the  college  reserves  the  right  to  ask  the  student  to  withdraw  from 
school. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  35 


ADMISSION  OF  FRESHMEN  IN  SEPTEMBER,  1956 

Applicants  for  admission  to  the  freshman  class  in  1956,  should 
read  and  observe  carefully  the  following  procedure: 

1.  Gome  or  send  to  the  General  Office  of  the  College  for  the  forms 
necessary  in  making  application  for  admission.  There  are  three 
of  these:  (1)  the  application  and  personal  record  blank,  (2)  the 
report  of  the  medical  examination,  and  (3)  the  report  from 
secondary  officials. 

2.  Bring  or  send  the  personal  record  to  the  Gollege  before  the 
date  of  the  examinations.  Have  the  examining  physician  send 
the  medical  examination  record  to  the  College.  The  secondary 
school  record  will  be  sent  directly  to  the  College  by  the  principal 
or  other  official  of  the  secondary  school. 

3.  Have  a  personal  interview  with  an  official  of  the  College.  The 
General  Office  of  the  College  is  open  between  the  hours  of  8:00 
A.M.  and  5:00  P.M.  every  day  except  Saturday,  when  the  hours 
are  from  8:00  A.M.  to  12:00  M.  At  the  time  of  the  interview, 
students  who  expect  to  live  in  the  dormitories  should  make 
arrangements  for  rooms. 

Entrance  Tests  for  applicants  who  rank  in  the  lower  half  of 
their  high  school  class  will  be  given  promptly  at  10:30  A.M.  on  the 
following  dates: 

Saturday,  May  12,  1956 

Wednesday,  June  13 

Friday,  June  29 

Thursday,  July  12 

Wednesday,  August  1 

Saturday,  August  18 
Applicants  should  report  to  the  Dean's  office,  first  floor  of  Seminary 
Hall,  by  10:15  A.M. 

Quarterly  Reports.  For  the  purpose  of  reporting  the  pro- 
gress of  students,  each  semester  is  divided  into  halves.  At  the  end 
of  the  first  nine  weeks,  each  teacher  submits  to  the  Registrar  a  report 
for  each  student  doing  unsatisfactory  work  in  his  classes.  These 
reports  are  sent  to  the  students.  At  the  end  of  a  semester  a  perm- 
anent report  is  recorded  for  each  student,  a  copy  of  which  is  sent 
to  the  student  and  parents  or  guardians. 

GRADING  SYSTEM 

A     indicates  superior  attainment. 

B     indicates  attainment  above  average. 

C     indicates  average  attainment. 

D     indicates  attainment  below  average. 

E     indicates  failure. 

Inc    indicates  incomplete  work. 

W     indicates  withdrawal  from  a  course. 


36  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Inc  (incomplete)  is  not  used  unless  a  student  has  been  in  attend- 
ance through  a  semester  or  session.  It  indicates  that  the  work  of  a 
student  is  incomplete  and  that  the  final  grade  is  being  withheld 
until  the  student  fulfills  all  of  the  requirements  of  the  course.  It  is 
used  only  when  conditions  and  circumstances  warrant  and  when 
evidence  is  presented  to  justify  its  being  given. 

All  incomplete  grades  must  be  removed  by  the  end  of  the  follow- 
ing semester  or  they  become  failures. 

SCHOLARSHIP  REQUIREMENTS 

Students  whose  failures  in  any  semester  or  year  amount  to  six 
or  more  semester  hours  shall  not  take  all  the  regular  work  of  the 
following  semester  or  year.  It  is  recommended  that  such  students 
attend  summer  session  to  make  up  deficiencies. 

Students  shall  not  do  student  teaching  unless  they  have  passed 
in  English  I  and  II,  nor  shall  students  whose  recorded  or  reported 
failures  amount  to  six  or  more  semester  hours  do  such  teaching.  No 
student  shall  do  student  teaching  unless  he  has  a  "C"  average. 

Quality  points  will  be  assigned  as  follows:  Grade  A,  3  quality 
points  per  semester  hour;  B,  2  quality  points  per  semester  hour; 
C,  1  quality  point  per  semester  hour;  D,  no  quality  points,  E,  -1  qual- 
ity point. 

To  qualify  for  graduation,  students  must  have  a  "C"  average. 

ADVANCED  STANDING 

Students  transferring  from  other  institutions  will  not  be  accepted 
without  official  transcripts  of  credit  and  certificates  of  honorable 
dismissal.  If  the  college  transcript  does  not  contain  the  high  school 
record  a  transcript  from  the  high  school  is  necessary.  Such  students 
are  required  to  have  an  interview  with  an  official  of  the  college  prior 
to  the  opening  of  the  semester  in  which  they  wish  to  enter. 

Credit  will  be  given  for  acceptable  courses  pursued  in  accredited 
collegiate  institutions  in  which  the  student  has  made  grades  of  A, 
B,  or  C.  Where  the  grades  are  marked  on  a  percentage  basis,  work 
graded  five  per  cent  above  the  minimum  passing  grade  will  be 
accepted.  Passing  grades  of  "D"  in  other  institutions  will  not  be 
accepted. 

Students  may  not  obtain  a  certificate  or  degree  without  a  mini- 
mum residence  of  one  year  (thirty  semester  hours)  in  this  College. 

Teachers  in  service  may  complete  in  extension  courses  not  more 
than  25  per  cent  of  the  courses  required  for  a  degree. 

Students  who  are  not  graduates  of  an  approved  four-year  high 
school,  must  have  their  credits  evaluated  by  the  State  Department  of 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  37 


Public  Instruction,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania.  Students  who  need  this 
type  of  evaluation  should  consult  the  Registrar  of  the  College.  This 
regulation  applies  to  teachers  in  service. 

All  persons  who  were  graduated  from  a  State  Normal  School 
prior  to  September,  1920,  and  who  have  a  four-year  secondary  school 
education  will  be  granted  not  more  than  64  semester  hours  of  credit 
toward  a  degree  for  their  normal  school  work. 

No  credit  for  public  or  private  teaching  experience,  previously 
credited  as  high  school  equivalent  or  as  equivalent  professional  credit 
toward  graduation  from  a  two-year  curriculum,  shall  be  granted 
toward  meeting  the  requirements  for  entrance  to  or  graduation  from 
the  four-year  curriculums. 

In  accordance  with  a  state  regulation  a  maximum  of  six  semester 
hours  of  credit  may  be  completed  in  one  semester  while  a  person 
is  engaged  in  full-time  teaching. 

No  credit  is  given  for  correspondence  work  taken  after  September 
1,  1927,  except  that  pursued  through  the  United  States  Armed  Forces 
Institute. 

STUDENT  TEACHING  CREDIT 
FOR  TEACHERS  IN  SERVICE 

Experienced  teachers  with  three  or  more  years  of  experience  in 
teaching,  who  become  candidates  for  a  degree  and  who  hold  certificates 
below  the  level  of  the  Provisional  College  Certificate  may,  at  the 
discretion  of  an  approved  institution,  complete  the  unfulfilled  student 
teaching  requirements  for  the  degree  in  any  of  the  following  ways: 

(a)  Earn  the  number  of  hours  required  in  actual  student  teach- 
ing, or 

(b)  Perform  an  assignment  of  work  germane  to  teaching  tech- 
nique in  connection  with  the  regular  teaching  in  a  public 
school,  carrying  not  less  than  one  semester  hour  credit  or 
more  than  six  semester  hours  credit  in  a  single  semester 
under  approved  supervision.  In  such  cases,  the  candidate 
must  be  regularly  registered  in  the  institution,  and  may 
not  earn  more  than  a  total  of  six  semester  hours  credit  in 
a  single  semester  for  all  courses  pursued,  or 

(c)  Courses  germane  to  teaching  technique  may  be  pursued 
in  individual  cases  which  are  approved  by  the  proper 
authority  of  an  approved  institution  for  not  more  than 
three  semester  hours. 


38  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

EVALUATION  OF  CREDITS 

Evaluations  of  the  credits  of  students  are  considered  valid  only 
for  the  year  in  which  distributions  are  made  (year  in  which  credits 
are  earned).  This  situation  exists  because  of  changes  in  regulations 
governing  the  value  of  credits  and  in  the  requirements  for  certifica- 
tion and  graduation  frequently  made  by  the  State  Department  of 
Public  Instruction,  the  State  Council  of  Education,  and  the  Board 
of  Presidents  of  the  State  Teachers  Colleges.  Students  are  urged  to 
keep  themselves  well  informed  about  their  distributions  by  occa- 
sional inquiry,  other  than  at  registration  periods,  at  the  General  Office. 


CERTIFICATION 

The  Provisional  College  Certificate  is  issued  to  applicants  who 
complete  any  one  of  the  approved  four-year  curriculums. 

The  Permanent  College  Certificate  requires  three  years  of  suc- 
cessful teaching  experience  on  the  Provisional  College  Certificate  in 
the  public  schools  of  the  Commonwealth  and  the  satisfactory  com- 
pletion of  six  semester  hours  of  additional  work  of  collegiate  grade, 
completed  subsequent  to  the  issue  of  the  baccalaureate  degree.  One- 
half  of  this  additional  work  must  be  professional  and  the  remainder 
related  to  the  subjects  or  subject  fields  on  the  certificate. 

Visual  Education  Requirement  —  Holders  of  temporary  certifi- 
cates of  standard  grade  (normal  school  certificates,  temporary  standard 
certificates,  and  provisional  college  certificates)  issued  on  and  after 
September  1,  1935,  shall  have  completed  a  course  in  visual  aids  and 
sensory  techniques  to  qualify  for  permanent  certification.  One  or 
more  semester  hours  of  credit  in  the  course  are  satisfactory.  This 
is  in  addition  to  meeting  the  experience  requirements. 

History  Requirements — Subsequent  to  September  1,  1943,  all 
permanent  certificates  issued  by  the  Department  of  Public  Instruction 
to  teach  in  the  public  schools  of  the  Commonwealth,  shall,  in  addition 
to  the  present  regulations  require  a  basic  course  in  the  history  of 
the  United  States  and  of  Pennsylvania.  Subsequent  to  September  1, 
1944,  all  certificates  issued  by  the  Department  of  Public  Instruction 
to  teach  in  the  public  schools  of  the  Commonwealth,  shall,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  present  regulations,  require  a  basic  course  in  the  history  of 
the  United  States  and  of  Pennsylvania. 

A  college  certificate  for  teaching  in  the  elementary  field  may 
be  validated  for  the  teaching  of  secondary  school  subjects  by  the 
addition  of  twelve  semester  hours  of  professional  work  applicable 
to  the  secondary  subjects,   six  of  which  must  be  student  teaching. 


CLARION,  PENNSYLVANIA  39 

In  addition  credits  as  specified  in  the  lists  of  majors  in  the  secondary 
field  must  be  presented  for  each  field  in  which  certification  is  desired. 

A  college  certificate  for  the  teaching  of  secondary  school  subjects 
may  be  validated  for  the  teaching  of  the  elementary  subjects  on  the 
completion  of  thirty  semester  hours  of  preparation  in  elementary 
education,  including  six  semester  hours  of  student  teaching  with 
pupils  of  an  elementary  grade  level.  The  courses  to  be  completed 
for  this  extension  shall  be  chosen  from  the  following  list: 

Teaching  of  Reading  Health  or  Physical  Ed.  in  the  Ele- 

Art  in  the  Elementary  School        me"tary  School 

0     _  .    .-, . .  Educational  Measurements  for  Ele- 

Speech  Correction  mentary  Teachers 

Child  Psychology  The  Elementary  School  Curriculum 

Elementary  School  Methods  Teaching   of   Ejementary   Social 

Teaching   of   Geography  Studies 

Civic  Education  Teaching   of   English 

Children's  Literature  Teaching    of    Elementary    Science 

Teaching  of  Arithmetic  (Nature  Study) 

Music  in  the  Elementary  School  Principles  of  Elementary  Education 

No  teacher  will  be  certified  in  Elementary  Education  who  has  not 
completed  a  professional  course  or  courses  in  Health,  Art,  and  Music. 


CERTIFICATION  REGULATIONS  FOR  TEACHERS 
OF  AERONAUTICS 

1.     AERONAUTICS  EDUCATION 

a.  Where  a  teacher  holds  a  valid  certificate  to  teach  mathematics, 
or  science  or  physical  science,  such  certificate  shall  be  valid 
to  teach  aeronautics  if,  in  the  judgment  of  the  local  superin- 
tendent, the  teacher  has  demonstrated  competence  to  teach 
this  subject. 

b.  Where  a  teacher  is  certified  in  secondary  subjects  other  than 
mathematics  or  science,  or  physical  science,  and  demonstrates 
to  the  local  superintendent  competence  to  teach  aeronautics, 
such  teacher  may  be  certified  for  this  subject  on  the  basis 
of  a  statement  of  this  fact  by  the  local  superintendent  to 
the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 


40  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

CURRICULUMS 

Clarion  offers  the  following  curriculums: 

I.     A    Four- Year    Curriculum    In    Elementary  Education 
leading  to  the   degree   of   Bachelor   of   Science   in   Education. 

1.  Kindergarten-Primary 

2.  Intermediate 

3.  Rural 

II.     A  Four- Year  Curriculum  In  Secondary  Education  de- 
signed to  prepare  for  teaching  in  Junior  and  Senior  high  schools 
and  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Education. 

III.  A  Four- Year  Curriculum  In  Library  Science  Education 
leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Education. 

IV.  Degree  Curriculum  for  Dental  Hygienists. 

V.  Degree  Curriculum  for  Public  School  Nurses. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA 


41 


FOUR  YEAR  ELEMENTARY  CURRICULUM 
(Sequence  of  courses  subject  to  change  for  administrative  reasons) 
Any  variation  from  the  following  schedule  must  be  approved 
by  the  Dean. 


FIRST  SEMESTER 

Clock 
Hours 

Communication   I  5 

or  English  I  (3-3)  and  Speech  I  (2-2) 

Professional    Orientation    „ 3 

Basic  Biology  4 

Health   - 2 

World  Geography 3 

Total    - 17 

SECOND  SEMESTER 

Communication  II  „ 5 

or  English  II  (3-3)  and  Speech  II  (2-2) 

Introduction  to  Art  3 

Introduction  to  Music „ _ 3 

Basic  Physical  Science  4 

Physical  Education  I 2 

Geography   of  the  United   States   and   Pennsylvania     3 

Total    20 

THIRD  SEMESTER 
World  Culture   I   5 

or  Literature  I   (2-2)   and  History  of 

Civilization  I   (3-3) 

Music  for  the  Elementary  Grades  2 

Physical  Education  II  _ 2 

Science  for  the  Elementary  Grades  3 

Art  for  the  Elementary  Grades 2 

Electives    „ 3 

Total    17 


Semester 
Hours 
Credit 


16 


2 
2 
3 

1 
3 

16 


2 
1 
3 
2 
3 

16 


42 


STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


FOURTH  SEMESTER 

Clock 
Hours 
World  Culture  II  _ ...... 5 

or  Literature  II  (2-2)  and  History  of 

Civilization  II    (3-3) 

Audio- Visual  Education 3 

Teaching  of  Music  in  the  Elementary  Grades 4 

Teaching  of  Art  in  the  Elementary  Grades  _ 4 

Physical  Education  III „ „ 2 

Electives    _ „ 2 

Total 20 

FIFTH  SEMESTER 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  I  ......  3 

Language   Arts   in   the   Elementary   Grades   9 

or  Teaching  of  Reading  (3-3),  Language  (3-3) 

Children's  Literature   (3-3) 

General  Psychology  3 

Teaching  Health  and  Physical  Education  3 

Total 18 

SIXTH  SEMESTER 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  II  3 

Child   Development „ 3 

Social  Living  in  the  Elementary  Grades „ 9 

(Teaching  of  Arithmetic  3-3,  Elementary 
Science  3-3,  Social  Studies  and  Geography  3-3) 
Educational  Psychology  and 

Evaluative  Techniques   3 

Total „..  18 

SEVENTH  SEMESTER 

American  Citizenship  _ 6 

Option  1 — Home  and  Family  Living    (3-3) 

and  American  Government  (3-3) 

Option  2 — Introduction  to  Philosophy   (3-3) 

and  American  Government  (3-3) 

Electives „ 9 


Semester 
Hours 
Credit 
5 


16 


3 
2 

17 


3 
18 


Total 


15 


9 

15 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA 


43 


EIGHTH  SEMESTER 

Semester 
Clock  Hours 

Hours  Credit 

Student  Teaching  and  Direction  of 

Student  Activities  _ 30  12 

Professional   Practicum  including  School   Law  2  2 

Total    _ ........ 32  14 

A  student  may  be  given  the  privilege  of  taking  an  examination 
in  any  subject  matter  area  for  the  purpose  of  securing  exemption  from 
taking  a  course.  A  student  may  be  given  credit  lor  a  course  in 
which  he  registers  and  in  which  he  demonstrates  competence  by  a 
qualifying  examination. 


Specialization  and  Electives 

Provisional  College  Certificates  issued  on  the  basis  of  the  four 
year  elementary  curriculum  are  valid  for  Kindergarten  and  Grades 
I  to  VI  inclusive,  and  for  Grades  VII  and  VIII  if  not  in  a  regularly 
organized  and  approved  junior  high  or  in  junior-senior  high  school. 

Students  may  specialize  in  Early  Childhood,  in  Intermediate  grade, 
or  in  Upper  grade  teaching  by  selecting  appropriate  electives. 
Required : 

Courses  listed  in  the  elementary  curriculum  outline. 
Electives : 

Semester 

Clock  Hours 

Hours  Credit 

Child  Adjustment  3  3 

Child   Psychology  3  3 

Creative  Activities  in  the  Elementary  School  3  3 

Diagnostic  and  Remedial  Reading  3  3 

Pre-School   Education   3  3 

School  and  Community 3  3 

Speech  Problems  in  the  Elementary  School  3  3 

Teaching  the  Exceptional  Child  3  3 

Students  may  also  elect  courses  in  academic  fields  and  special 
curriculums  offered  at  the  college. 


44 


STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


FOUR  YEAR  SECONDARY  CURRICULUM 
(Sequence  of  courses  subject  to  change  for  administrative  reasons) 
Any  variation  from  the  following  schedule  must  be  approved 
by  the  Dean. 

FIRST  SEMESTER 


Clock 
Hours 

Communication  I  „ ., 5 

or  English  I  (3-3)  and  Speech  I  (2-2) 

Basic   Biology   4 

Health  _ _ 2 

World  Geography 3 

Electives 2 

Total    _ „ 16 

SECOND  SEMESTER 

Communication  II  5 

or  English  II  (3-3)  and  Speech  II  (2-2) 

Basic  Physical  Science  _ 4 

Physical  Education   I   2 

Professional  Orientation  3 

Fundamentals  of  Mathematics  3 

Electives 2 

Total    19 

THIRD  SEMESTER 

World  Culture   I  5 

or  Literature  I  (2-2)  and  History  of 

Civilization  I   (3-3) 

Introduction  to  Art  3 

Physical  Education  II  2 

Science  in  Modern  Civilization   3 

Electives    6 

Total    _ „ 19 

FOURTH  SEMESTER 

World  Culture  II  5 

or  Literature  II  (2-2)  and  History  of 

Civilization  II   (3-3) 

Introduction  to  Music  „ 3 

Physical  Education  III  „ 2 

Electives    9 

Total    19 


Semester 
Hours 
Credit 
5 

3 
2 
3 

2 

15 


3 
1 
3 
3 

2 

17 


2 
1 
3 
6 

17 
5 


2 
1 
9 

17 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA 


45 


FIFTH  SEMESTER 

Clock 
Hours 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  I  3 

Audio-Visual  Education  3 

General  Psychology _ _ _..  3 

Electives    ~ _.... „ „..  8 


Semester 
Hours 
Credit 

3 
2 
3 
8 


Total 


17 


16 


SIXTH  SEMESTER 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  II  3  3 

Problems  of  Secondary  Education, 

including   Guidance   „ „ 3  3 

Educational  Psychology  and  Evaluative 

Techniques    „ „ _ _ 3  3 

Electives    _ _ „ 7  7 


Total 


16 


16 


SEVENTH  SEMESTER 

American  Citizenship  „ 

Option  1 — Home  and   Family  Living    (3-3) 

and  American  Government  (3-3) 

Option  2 — Introduction  to  Philosophy   (3-3) 

and  American  Government  (3-3) 

Electives    _ 


Total 


10 
16 


10 
16 


EIGHTH  SEMESTER 

Student  Teaching  and  Direction  of 

Student  Activities  _ 

Professional  Practicum,  including  School  Law 


30 

2 


12 

2 


Total 


32 


14 


46  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Graduation  requirements  for  this  curriculum  include  specializa- 
tion in  not  less  than  two  teaching  fields. 

1.  First  Field 

The  minimum  number  of  semester  hours  required  for  a  first 

field  of  specialization  is: 

General  field  of  Science ~ 38 

English - 35 

Social  Studies  — - 30 

Social  Science 30 

History    _ _. _. — —.30 

Biological  Science  _ 30 

Physical  Science  „ ~ 30 

Chemistry    _ — 27 

Physics  27 

Aeronautics   _ — — 24 

Geography     ...._ _ 24 

Mathematics    - 24 

General  Speech  24 

French  _ 24 

Latin „ 24 

Spanish    .. 24 

2.  The  second  field  shall  require  not  fewer  semester  hours 
than  the  minimum  required  for  certification.  The  secondary  methods 
courses  —  such  as  —  "Teaching  English  in  Secondary  Schools," 
"Teaching  Social  Studies  in  Secondary  Schools,"  are  required  for  a 
first  field  but  they  do  not  apply  in  meeting  the  requirements  for  a 
second  field. 

A  student  may  be  given  the  privilege  of  taking  an  examination 
in  any  subject  matter  area  for  the  purpose  of  securing  exemption 
from  taking  a  course.  A  student  may  be  given  credit  for  a  course 
in  which  he  registers  and  in  which  he  demonstrates  competence  by  a 
qualifying  examination. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  47 

LIBRARY  SCIENCE  CURRICULUM 

The  State  Council  of  Education  on  December  3,  1937  approved 
the  establishment  at  State  Teachers  College,  Clarion,  of  a  curriculum 
for  the  education  of  teacher  librarians.  Clarion  is  the  only  State 
Teachers  College  in  the  western  part  of  Pennsylvania  authorized  by 
the  Department  of  Public  Instruction  to  offer  training  for  teacher 
librarians. 

Library  Science  courses  are  offered  as  one  of  the  elective  fields 
for  students  in  a  four-year  curriculum.  A  specific  group  of  courses 
is  intended  to  prepare  a  student  either  as  a  part-time  or  full-time 
librarian  in  a  public  school  library.  Students  majoring  in  library 
science  also  become  certified  to  teach  in  one  or  more  other  fields 
such  as  history,  English,  mathematics,  Latin,  French,  Spanish,  chem- 
istry, physics,  biology,  or  geography. 

A  student  must  have  a  "C"  average  to  enter  the  library  science 
curriculum. 

The  library  science  courses  are  as  follows: 

Semester 

Clock  Hours 

Hours  Credit 

Administration  of  School  Libraries  I  _ 2  2 

Book   Selection   I   _ 3  3 

Administration   of  School   Libraries   II  „ 3  3 

Reference  Service  I  „ 2  2 

Cataloging   and   Classification   I   _ 3  2 

Reference   Service   II   2  2 

Book  Selection  II  - 3  3 

Cataloging   and   Classification   II   2  2 

Enrichment  Materials  I  - 3  3 

Books  and  Libraries  as  a  Social  Force 3  3 

Library   Practice   15  6 

Administration  of  School  Libraries  III ~ 3  3 

Enrichment  Materials  II  - 2  2 


48  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

FOUR  YEAR  LIBRARY  CURRICULUM 
(Sequence  of  courses  subject  to  change  for  administrative  reasons) 

Any  variation  from  the  following  schedule  must  be  approved 
by  the  Dean. 

FIRST  SEMESTER 

Semester 

Clock  Hours 

Hours  Credit 

Communication   I 5  5 

or  English  I  (3-3)  and  Speech  I  (2-2) 

Basic   Biology ~ 4  3 

Health   _ - - 2  2 

World  Geography  _ _ — 3  3 

Electives    - - ~ - 2  2 

Total _ _ 16  15 

SECOND  SEMESTER 

Communication  II  _ _.._. ~ 5  5 

or  English  II  (3-3)  and  Speech  II  (2-2) 

Basic  Physical  Science  _ „ 4  3 

Physical  Education  I  2  1 

Professional    Orientation    „ 3  3 

Fundamentals  of  Mathematics  3  3 

Electives ™ 2  2 

Total    _ 19  17 

THIRD  SEMESTER 

World  Culture  I   „ _ _ „ 5  5 

or  Literature  I  (2-2)  and  History  of 

Civilization  I  (3-3) 

Introduction  to  Art  3  2 

Physical   Education   II 2  1 

Administration  of  School  Libraries  I  2  2 

Home   and   Family   Living   „ 3  3 

or   Introduction   to   Philosophy (3)  (3) 

American    Government    3  3 

Total    „ 18  16 

FOURTH  SEMESTER 

Introduction  to  Music  ...„ _ 3  2 

Physical  Education  III  „ _...     2  1 

World  Culture  II  _ „ 5  5 

or  Literature  II  (2-2) 

and  History  of  Civilization  II  (3-3) 


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49 


Clock 
Hours 

Book   Selection   I   3 

Science  in  Modern  Civilization  3 

Electives    _ 3 

Total   19 

FIFTH  SEMESTER 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  I  3 

Audio-Visual  Education  3 

General  Psychology „ 3 

Administration  of   School   Libraries   II  3 

Reference  Service  I 2 

Cataloging  and  Classification  I  3 

Elective    1 

Total    18 

SIXTH  SEMESTER 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  II  3 

Problems  of  Secondary  Education 

including  Guidance 3 

Educational  Psychology  and 

Evaluative  Techniques  3 

Reference  Service  II  2 

Book  Selection  II 3 

Cataloging  and  Classification  II 2 

Total    16 

SEVENTH  SEMESTER 
Student  Teaching  and  Direction  of 

Student  Activities  _ 1 5 

Professional  Practicum  including  School   Law  2 

Enrichment  Materials  I  3 

Books  and  Libraries  as  a  Social  Force  3 

Electives    2 

Total    25 

EIGHTH  SEMESTER 

Library    Practice    1 5 

Administration  of  School  Libraries  III 3 

Enrichment   Materials   II   2 

Electives     4 

Total    24 


Semester 
Hours 
Credit 

3 

3 
3 

17 

3 
2 
3 
3 
2 
2 
1 

16 

3 

3 

3 
2 
3 
2 

16 


6 
2 
3 
3 
2 

16 

6 
3 
2 
4 

15 


50  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

DEGREE  CURRICULUM  FOR  DENTAL  HYGIENISTS 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Education  will  be  con- 
ferred upon  Dental  Hygienists  meeting  the  following  requirements: 

1.  The  possession  of  a  valid  license  to  practice  dental  hygiene  in 
the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  issued  by  the  State  Dental 
Council  and  Examining  Board  and  the  Department  of  Public 
Instruction. 

"The  professional  education  requirement  for  dental  hy- 
giene is  the  satisfactory  completion  of  an  approved  dental 
hygienist  course  of  instruction  of  two  years  of  not  less 
than  thirty-two  weeks  of  not  less  than  thirty  hours  each 
week  or  its  equivalent  in  and  graduation  from  a  dental 
hygiene  school  approved  by  the  State  Council  and  Examining 
Board." 

2.  The  satisfactory  completion  in  addition  thereto  of  64  semester 
hours  of  professional  and  general  education  courses  distributed 
as  follows: 

Semester 
Hours 

A.  Education  1 1 

(1)  Professional  Orientation  3 

(2)  General  Psychology 3 

(3)  Educational  Psychology  and 

Evaluative  Techniques 3 

(4)  Audio-Visual   Education 2 

B.  General  Education  41 

(1)  Communication    I   _ 5 

or  English  I   (3-3) 

and  Speech  I  (2-2) 

Communication  II  5 

or  English  II  (3-3) 
and  Speech  II   (2-2) 

(2)  Fine  Arts  4 

a.  Introduction   to   Art  2 

b.  Introduction  to  Music          2 

( 3 )  Geography   6 

a.  World  Geography  3 

b.  Geography  of  U.S.  &  Canada     3 

(4)  World  Culture  I  5 

or  Literature  I   (2-2) 

and  History  of  Civilization  I  (3-3) 


CLARION,   PEnSTNSYLVANIA  51 

World  Culture  II  _ 5 

or  Literature  II   (2-2) 

and  History  of  Civilization  II   (3-3) 

(5)      Social   Studies   11 

a.  American  Government  3 

b.  Economics   „ _ 3 

c.  History  of  the  United  States 
and  Penna 3 

d.  Sociology  „ 2 

C.     Electives  12 

Total  64 

In  each  category  above,  credit  will  be  given  for  equivalent 
courses  pursued  in  the  two  year  Dental  Hygiene  Curriculum.  In 
such  cases  students  must  increase  their  electives  by  the  number  of 
semester  hours  so  credited. 

In  the  case  of  dental  hygienists  who  had  less  than  two  years  of 
specialized  training  on  the  basis  of  which  they  were  licensed  to 
practice  dental  hygiene,  proportional  credit  will  be  given.  Such  per- 
sons must  pursue  additional  general  education  courses  in  college  to 
make  up  the  deficiency. 

Electives  may  be  chosen  with  the  approval  of  the  Dean  of  In- 
struction from  any  field  or  curriculum  offered  at  the  College  in  which 
the  student  is  enrolled. 

The  curriculum  will  be  effective  as  of  January  23,  1951. 


52  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

DEGREE  OJRRICULUM  FOR  PUBLIC 
SCHOOL  NURSES 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Education  will  be  conferred 
upon  registered  nurses  who  meet  the  following  requirements: 

1.  The  satisfactory  completion  of  a  three  year  curriculum  in 
an  approved  school  of  nursing  and  registration  by  the  State 
Board  of  Examiners  for  the  Registration  of  Nurses  of 
Pennsylvania. 

2.  The  satisfactory  completion  of  forty- five  (45)  semester  hours 
of  additional  preparation  distributed  as  follows: 

A.  Courses   Related  to   Public  Nursing 

Semester  Hours 

Public   School   Nursing   2 

Public   School   Organization   2 

Public  Health  Nursing  „     6 

Nutrition  and  Community  Health  2 

Family  Case  Work  3 

Total 1 5 

B.  General  and  Professional  Education 
History  of  the  United  States  and 

Pennsylvania    3 

Communication  5 

World  Culture  „ 5 

American  Government  3 

Professional  Orientation  to  Education  3 

Educational   Psychology   3 

Audio-Visual  Education  2 

Total  24 

C.     Electives    _ 6 

Total  45 

In  the  case  of  nurses  with  less  than  three  years  preparation  for 
registration,  such  persons  will  pursue  additional  courses  to  meet  the 
requirements  for  the  degree. 

Electives  may  be  chosen  with  the  approval  of  the  Dean  of  In- 
struction from  any  field  or  curriculum  offered  at  the  college. 

The  curriculum  will  be  effective  June  1,  1951. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  53 


AREAS  OF  SPECIALIZATION 

AERONAUTICS 

(First  field  24  S.H. ;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Hours 

.      .  Clock  S.H. 

Required : 

Aviation   Mathematics    _ .._ „ „..  3  3 

Aircraft  Communications  and  Regulations  .„ 3  3 

General  Service  and  Structure  of  Aircraft „  6  3 

Aerial  Navigation  _ 3  3 

Meteorology „ „ 3  2 

Aerodynamics  and  Theory  of  Flight _ 3  3 

Electives: 

Aircraft    Engines    _ _ _            12  6 

Identification  of  Aircraft  ........ 3  3 

Climatology _ _     _                         ■>  * 

Commercial  Air  Transportation  3  3 

Flight  Experience  Variable  Credit 3-6 

BIOLOGICAL  SCIENCE 
(First  field  30  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Hours 

D  ,  Clock  SJL 

Required : 

Botany   I „ 6  4 

Botany   II    6  4 

Zootogy   I   - 6  4 

Zoology    II _ _ 6  4 

Teaching  of  Science  in  Secondary  Schools 3  3 

Electives:  (At  least  one  course  to  be  selected  from  each  group  below) 
Group  1.     Field  Courses 

Field  Botany  5  a 

Ornithology     5  , 

Entomology   5  2 

Ecology    „ 5  3 

Field  Zoology  5  , 


54  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Hours 

Clock  S.H. 
Group  2.     Laboratory  Courses 

Vertebrate  Anatomy  _ - 5  3 

Physiology  -.. - »     5  3 

Microbiology  ....... - _ —     5  3 

Parasitology  _ -..     5  3 

Genetics  — — ~...     5  3 


CHEMISTRY 
(First  field  27  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required: 

Inorganic  Chemistry  I  „ _ 6  4 

Inorganic  Chemistry  II  _ 6  4 

Qualitative  Analysis ~ - ~ - 7  3 

Quantitative  Analysis  _ 7  3 

Teaching  of  Science  in  Secondary  Schools  _ 3  3 

Electives: 

Organic  Chemistry  I  .„.._ „ —  6  4 

Organic  Chemistry  II — _ 5  3 

Biological   Chemistry   ._.  6  3 

Physical  Chemistry  — _ _.  5  3 

Collodial  Chemistry  „ _ „  6  3 

Industrial  Chemistry  _ „ — 5  3 

Chemistry  of  Foods  and  Nutrition  — 6  3 

Water   Analysis    - _ 4  2 


THE  GENERAL  FIELD  OF  SCIENCE 
(First  field  38  S.H. ;  no  Second  field  in  General  Science) 
Required : 

Botany  I  _ ...._ _ _ 6  4 

Botany   II   _ „.. „..„.     6  4 

Zoology  I  ...._ „ „ „ 6  4 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  55 

Hours 

Clock  S.H. 

Zoology   II   _ _ 6  4 

Chemistry  I  „ 6  4 

Chemistry  II 6  4 

Earth   Science   „ „ 3  3 

Physics  I  _ 6  4 

Physics   II   ..— _ _ 6  4 

Teaching  of  Science  in  Secondary  Schools  3  3 

PHYSICAL  SCIENCE 
(First  field  30  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required : 

Chemistry  I  „ _ „ 6  4 

Chemistry  II  „ _..„ 6  4 

Physics  I  _ 6  4 

Physics   II   ._ „._ _ 6  4 

Teaching  of  Science  in  Secondary  Schools  „ 3  3 

Electives: 

To  be  selected  from  Chemistry,  Earth  Science  or  Physics. 

PHYSICS 
(First  field  27  S.H.;*  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required : 

Physics   I  „.... „ „ 6  4 

Physics   II _ _ 6  4 

Teaching  of  Science  in  Secondary  Schools  3  3 

Electives: 

Magnetism    and   Electricity   6  4 

Mechanics 6  4 

Heat    „...._ 6  4 

Electronics  5  3 

Optics    _ 5  3 

Sound    „.„ 5  3 

Physical  Measurements  Variable 


♦College  Algebra  and  Trigonometry  are  pre- requisites  for  special- 
izing as  a  first  field. 


56  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

ENGLISH 
(First  field  35  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required : 

Hours 
Clock  S.H. 

Communication  I 5  5 

or  English  I   (3-3)   and  Speech  I   (2-2) 

Communication  II  _ — _ 5  5 

or  English  II  (3-3)  and  Speech  II  (2-2) 
World  Culture  I   (5-5)* 

or  Literature  I  ~ - 2  2 

and  History  of  Civilization  I  (3-3) 
World  Culture  II  (5-5)* 

or  Literature  II  _ „ 2  2 

and  History  of  Civilization  II  (3-3) 

Teaching  of  English  in  Secondary  Schools  3  3 

Restricted  Electives: 

At  least  one  course  should  be  selected  in  each  of  Groups  1,  2, 
3,  4.   Group  4  is  intended  for  students  especially  interested  in  writing. 

Group  1.     Survey  courses: 

American  Literature  „ 3  3 

English  Literature  .... 3  3 

American  Poetry _ 3  3 

American   Prose 3  3 

Children's  Literature  _ 3  3 

Group  2.     Period  courses: 

Pre-Shakespearean  Literature  3  3 

Shakespeare  _.. 3  3 

Eighteenth  Century  Literature  „ 3  3 

The  Romantic  Movement 3  3 

Victorian  Literature  3  3 

Group  3.     Literary  form  courses: 

Criticism    _ 3  3 

Modern    Drama    3  3 

The  Novel  to  1870  3  3 

Contemporary  Novel 3  3 

Essay „„ _ 3  3 

Contemporary  Poetry  3  3 

Short  Story  3  3 

Literature  of  Biography  _ 3  3 


*  World  Culture  I  and  H  are  composite  courses.  Each  course  will 
carry  2  S.  Hrs.  toward  specialization  in  English. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  67 

Hours 
Clock  S.H. 

Group  4.     Composition 

Creative   Writing   3  3 

Journalism 3  3 

Advanced  Composition  _ 3  3 

English  Philology  and  Grammar  _ 3  3 

FOREIGN  LANGUAGES 

FRENCH 

(First  field  24  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required: 

French  I „ „ - - ....- 3  3 

French  II  _ - 3  3 

French  III  _ _ ....... 3  3 

French    IV    _ _ - 3  3 

Electives : 

French  V — Survey  of   Literature  _ _ 3  3 

French   VI — Survey   of   Literature   ~ 3  3 

French  VII — Advanced  Language  and 

Techniques    _ _ - 3  3 

French  VIII — French   Classical  Drama  3  3 

French  IX — French  Literature  of 

the  19th  Century  3  3 

French  X — Development  of  the  French  Novel  3  3 

LATIN 
(First  field  24  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required : 

Latin  I — Ovid  and  Virgil 3  3 

Latin   II — Livy   3  3 

Latin   III — Cicero   and  Tacitus — Selections   3  3 

Latin    IV — Horace   3  3 

Latin  V — Plautus  and  Terence  3  3 

Latin  VI — Roman  Civilization  3  3 

Note:  To  specialize  in  Latin,  students  must  present  not  less  than 
two  years  or  secondary  school  Latin  and  demonstrate  competence  in 
this  field. 


58  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

SPANISH 

(First  field  24  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Hours 
Clock  SJL 

Required: 

Elementary  Spanish  I  and  II  „ ~ 6  6 

Intermediate  Spanish  I  and  II  . — ~.~ 6  6 

Introduction  to  Spanish  Literature 3  3 

Spanish  Conversation  - 3  3 

Electives: 

Advanced  Spanish  Conversation  3  3 

Commercial  Spanish  — - 4  4 

Spanish-American  Literature  ~ 6  6 

Contemporary  Spanish  Drama  _ „ ~ 6  6 

GEOGRAPHY 
(First  field  24  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required: 

World  Geography  — - 3  3 

Teaching   of   Geography   in   Secondary   Schools —     3  3 

Restricted  Electives: 

At  least  one  course  must  be  chosen  from  each  group. 

Group  1.     Earth  Studies 

Climatology  — 3  3 

Geology 3  3 

Meteorology    _ - — 3  3 

Physiography  _ 3  3 

Cartography  _ _. „  3  3 

Group  2.     Economics 

Economic  Geography 3  3 

Commercial  Air  Transportation  3  3 

Conservation  of  Natural  Resources  3  3 

Geographic  Influences  in 

American  History  3  3 

Trade  and  Transportation  „ 3  3 

Group  3.     Regional  Studies 

Geography   of   Pennsylvania   3  3 

Geography  of  Asia 3  3 

Geography  of  Africa  and  Australia 3  3 

Geography  of  Europe  3  3 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  59 

Hours 

Clock  S.H. 

Geography  of  the  Far  East  _ 3  3 

Geography  of  Latin  America 3  3 

Geography  of  the  United  States 

and    Canada    „ „..„ 3  3 

World  Problems  in  Geography _....     3  3 

Field  Courses    (as  approved) 3  3 

MATHEMATICS 
(First  field  24  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 
Required : 

College  Algebra _ _ 3  3 

Trigonometry    „ 3  3 

Analytic  Geometry  .. 3  3 

Calculus   I    (Differential)    _ _..     3  3 

Caluculus    II    (Integral)    3  3 

Teaching  of  Mathematics  in  Secondary  Schools  3  3 

Electives : 

Advanced  College  Algebra  3  3 

Spherical  Trigonometry  and  Navigation  „ 3  3 

Statistics  „„ 3  3 

History  of  Mathematics  „ 3  3 

College    Geometry    .. 3  3 

Field  Work  in  Mathematics 3  3 

Calculus  III  _ 3  3 

Mathematics   of   Finance   _ „..     3  3 

Synthetic  Geometry  .._. 3  3 

SAFE  DRIVING  AND  GENERAL  SAFETY  EDUCATION 

At  a  meeting  of  the  State  Council  of  Education,  January  9,  1948, 

the  following  regulations  were  passed  for  the  certification  of  teachers 
in  the  field  of  Education  for  Safe  Living  (Highway  Safety  and 
General  Safety  Education)  : 

Effective  in   1951,  twelve  semester  hours  will  be  required  for 
the  extension  of  a  teacher's  certificate  to  cover  this  field. 

Courses  offered  will  be  selected  from  the  following  or  equiva- 
lent approved  courses: 

Driver  Education  and  Traffic  Safety  in 

Secondary  Schools  _ 3  3 

General   Safety   Education   „....     3  3 


60  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

Hours 
Clock  SJL 

Organization  and  Administration  in 

Safety  Education  _ _ 3  3 

Materials  and  Methods  of  teaching  Safety 

in  the  Secondary  Schools  „ 3  3 

Materials  and  Methods  of  Teaching  Safety 

in  the  Elementary  Schools  _...„ 3  3 

The  Psychology  of  Accident  Prevention  3  3 

Visual  and  other  aids  in  Safety  Education  3  3 

SOCIAL  STUDIES 
(First  field  30  S.H.;   15  in  History,   15  in  Social  Science) 
(Second  field  18  S.H.) 
Required: 
♦World  Culture  I  (5-5) 

History  of  Civilization  I „ 3  3 

and  Literature  I   (2-2) 

*  World  Culture  II  (5-5) 

History   of   Civilization   II   _ 3  3 

and  Literature  II   (2-2) 
History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  13  3 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  II     3  3 

American  Citizenship  . _ 6  6 

American  Government  (3-3) 

and  Home  and  Family  Living  (3-3) 

or 
American  Government  (3-3) 
and  Introduction  to  Philosophy    (3-3) 

♦♦Principles  of  Sociology  3  3 

♦♦Principles  of  Economics 3  3 

Teaching  of  Social  Studies  in  Secondary  Schools 3  3 

Electives : 

History   of   Europe   to    1815    3  3 

History  of  Europe  since  1815  3  3 

History  of  Pennsylvania  3  3 

History  of  England  _ 3  3 

20th  Century  World  History  3  3 

Diplomatic  History  of  the  United  States 3  3 

International  Relations  1919  to  present  3  3 

*  World  Culture  I  and  U  are  composite  courses.  Credit  in  each  is 
3  S.H.  for  specialization  in  Social  Studies. 

**  Required   for   both   first   and   second   fields. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  61 


Hours 

Clock  S.H. 

History  of  Latin  America  „ „.... 3  3 

Renaissance  to  Reformation  „ _ „ 3  3 

History  of  the  Middle  East  and  India  „ 3  3 

History  of  the  Far  East  _ _ 3  3 

Contemporary  Social  Problems  3  3 

Contemporary  Economic  Problems  „ 3  3 

Consumer  Education  „ „ 3  3 

Municipal  Government 3  3 

Comparative   Government   _ 3  3 

Industrial  Relations _ 3  3 

United  Nations  Organization  and  Function  3  3 

HISTORY 

(First  field  30  S.H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

*  World  Culture   I    (5-5) 

History   of  Civilization   I   3  3 

and  Literature  I  (2-2) 

*  World  Culture  II   (5-5) 

History   of   Civilization    II    _ 3  3 

and  Literature  II    (2-2) 
History  of  the  United  States   and  Pennsylvania   13  3 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  II     3  3 

tAmerican  Citizenship 6  6 

American  Government  (3-3) 

and  Home  and  Family  Living   (3-3) 

or 
American  Government   (3-3) 
and  Introduction  to  Philosophy   (3-3) 
Teaching  of  Social  Studies  in  Secondary  Schools 3  3 

Electives : 

History  of  Europe  to  1815  3  3 

History  of  Europe  since  1815 „ 3  3 

History  of  Pennsylvania  _ 3  3 

History  of  England  _ 3  3 

20th  Century  World  History  3  3 

Diplomatic  History  of  the  United  States  3  3 

History  of  Latin  America  3  3 

Renaissance   to   Reformation 3  3 

♦World  Culture  I  and  H  are  composite  courses.  Each  course  will 
count  3  S.H.  toward  specialization  in  History. 

t  American  Citizenship  will  not  count  toward  second  field. 


62  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Hours 
Clock  S.H 


History  of  the  Middle  East  and  India 3  3 

History  of  the  Far  East  - 3  3 


SOCIAL  SCIENCE 
(First  field  30  S.  H.;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Required : 
*  World  Culture  I    (5-5) 

History    of    Civilization    I    _ 3  3 

and  Literature  I   (2-2) 
♦World  Culture  II  (5-5) 

History   of   Civilization    II   _ 3  3 

and  Literature  II   (2-2) 
History  of  the  United   States   and  Pennsylvania  13  3 

History  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  II     3  3 

t  American  Citizenship  _ 6  6 

American  Government    (3-3) 

and  Home  and  Family  Living  (3-3) 

or 
American  Government  (3-3) 
and  Introduction  to  Philosophy   (3-3) 

Principles  of  Sociology 3  3 

Principles   of   Economics 3  3 

Teaching  of  Social  Studies  in  Secondary  Schools 3  3 

Electives: 

Contemporary  Social  Problems  3  3 

Contemporary  Economic  Problems  _ 3  3 

Consumer  Education 3  3 

Municipal  Government  3  3 

Comparative   Government   3  3 

Industrial   Relations   _ 3  3 

United  Nations  Organization  and  Function „ 3  3 

International  Relations  1919  to  Present  „ 3  3 

*  World  Culture  I  and  U  are  composite  courses.  Credit  in  each  is 
3  S.H.  for  specialization  in  Social  Science. 

t  American  Citizenship  will  not  count  toward  second  field. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  63 

GENERAL  SPEECH 
(First  field  24  S.H. ;  Second  field  18  S.H.) 

Hours 
Clock  S.H. 

Required : 

♦Communication  I    (5-5) 

English  Composition  1(3-3) 

and  Speech  I     _ „ „.„..     2  2 

*  Communication  II   (5-5) 

English  Composition  II    (3-3) 

and  Speech  II  _ 2  2 

Phonetics    and    Voice    „ „ 3  3 

Oral    Interpretation    3  3 

Play   Production   „.._ „ „ 3  3 

Teaching  of  Speech  in  Secondary  Schools  2  2 

Electives : 

Stagecraft,  Scenic  Design  and  Lighting  3  3 

Debate,  group  discussion  and  parliamentary 

procedure  „ _ „ 3  3 

Radio  I   _ _ 3  3 

Radio  II  _ _ 3  3 

Creative  Dramatics  and  Story  Telling  3  3 

Costume  and  Make-Up  _ _ 3  3 

Choral  Speaking  ..._ _ 3  3 

Community  Dramatics  and  Pageants  „ 3  3 

Speech  Development  and  Improvement  _ 3  3 

*  Communication   I   and    II   are    composite    courses.    Each    course 
will   carry  2  S.H.  credit  toward  specialization. 


64  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Aeronautics 
Aviation  Mathematics  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  includes  the  principles  of  college  algebra  and  trigon- 
ometry which  are  necessary  for  an  understanding  of  aerodynamics, 
aerial  navigation,  physics  and  meteorology. 

Aircraft  Communications  and 

Regulations  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Radio  code  and  civil  air  regulations.  A  goal  of  reception  at  the 
rate  of  twenty  words  a  minute  is  set.   In  civil  air  regulations  a  pro- 
ficiency comparable  to  an  instructor's  rating  can  be  obtained. 

General  Service  and  Structure  of  Aircraft  Including 

Gliders  and  Model  Airplanes  Six  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  includes  inspection  and  care  of  fuselages,  engine 
mounts,  wings,  flight  control  surfaces,  flight  control  mechanism,  land- 
ing gear,  tires,  wheels,  brakes,  etc.,  all  of  which  is  necessary  to  safety 
in  flight  and  long  life  of  the  airplane. 

The  laboratory  work  will  consist  of  work  on  airplanes  and  con- 
struction of  models  for  the  sake  of  imbuing  the  student  with  the  idea 
of  rigid  inspection. 

Aerial  Navigation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Of  the  four  phases  of  navigation,  stress  is  placed  on  pilotage  and 
dead  reckoning,  whereas  radio  navigation  and  celestial  navigation  are 
introduced  in  their  broader  aspects.  In  pilotage,  chart  reading  and 
safety  procedures  are  stressed.  Dead  reckoning  is  carried  through 
the  alternate  airport  problem. 

Meteorology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  science  of  the  atmosphere — a  study  of  the  phenomena  of  wea- 
ther;  air  masses,  cyclones,  fronts.  Emphasis  is  placed  upon  relation- 
ships of  weather  to  aviation  and  weather  hazards  to  flying  such  as 
winds,  storms,  icing,  and  fog. 

Aerodynamics  aitd  Theory  of  Flight  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  deals  with  the  mathematics  of  life  and  drag  of  flight 
surfaces  and  includes  explanations  of  Bernoulli's  principle  of  its  appli- 
cation to  flight.  Such  subjects  as  variation  of  power  with  altitude, 
weight  and  wing  area,  the  application  of  life  and  drag  coefficients  to 
problems  of  speed,  climb,  and  life  are  included  in  this  course. 

Aircraft  Engines — Types,  Operation  and 

Servicing  Twelve  hours  per  week 

Six   semester   hours 
The  theory  of  various  types  of  internal  combustion  engines  fol- 
lowed by  the  mechanical  applications  of  these  principles  as  seen  in 
airplane  engines  will  be  the  basis  of  the  class  work. 

The  laboratory  work  will  consist  of  tearing  down  and  rebuilding 
an  airplane  engine,  trouble  shooting  and  general  servicing  of  the 
engine. 


«,* 


Toboggan  Slide 


Majorettes 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  65 

Identification  of  Aircraft  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  history  of  the  airplane  is  studied  briefly  and  the  major  portion 
of  the  time  will  be  spent  in  studying  the  different  types  of  commercial 
and  private  aircraft,  their  relative  merits  and  identification.  Identifica- 
tion will  include  a  knowledge  of  the  external  features  of  recognition 
of  the  various  craft  as  well  as  a  knowledge  of  the  power,  and  capabili- 
ties of  the  same. 

Climatology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  climates  of  the  world  and  their  relation  to  aviation. 
Emphasis  is  placed  upon  the  hazards  to  aviation  in  various  regions 
of  the  earth;  such  as  fog,  tropical  cyclones,  and  prevailing  winds.  Long 
distant  flights  over  polar  areas  and  in  the  stratosphere  are  considered. 

Commercial  Air  Transportation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This    course   includes   the    regulations   for    commercial    air   trans- 
portation. 

Art 

Introduction  to  Art  Three  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

This  is  a  generalized  course  for  every  one  who  expects  to  become 
a  teacher.  Its  main  objective  is  the  development  of  culture  through 
an  appreciation  of  the  fine  arts.  The  need  of  the  individual  are  con- 
sidered in  relation  to  dress,  home-furnishing,  architecture,  the  minor 
arts,  etc.,  and  a  text  is  used  as  a  reference  book  for  these  topics.  Use 
is  also  made  of  the  college  library  and  the  Museum.  Much  contempor- 
ary art  material  is  brought  in  by  the  students,  for  discussion  and 
study. 

Art  for  the  Elementary  Grades  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
This  course  is  for  Elementary  teachers,  all  of  whom  should  have 
a  knowledge  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  teaching  art  in  the  public 
schools.  The  social  and  psychological  sides  of  art  as  well  as  the  best 
modern  pedagogy  are  given  careful  attention.  Methods  of  presentation 
are  considered  as  well  as  techniques,  art  materials,  processes  and 
sources. 

Teaching  Art  in  the  Elementary  Grades  Four  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Art  for  the  Elementary  Grades  is  a  prerequisite  and  both  courses 
together    constitute    one   unit.    The    objectives    and    achievements    are 
similar  to  those  of  Art  for  the  Elementary  Grades. 

Art  Crafts  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  is  a  course  with  a  dual  purpose.  First,  it  is  an  enrichment 
course  meant  to  give  vital  experience  with  the  arts  and  crafts  to  any 
college  student,  either  secondary  or  elementary.  Second,  it  is  to  pro- 
vide sufficient  knowledge  and  skill  for  the  teaching  of  the  arts  and 
crafts  in  the  elementary  field.  A  great  deal  of  freedom  is  given 
students  in  initiating  their  own  projects,  and  carrying  them  out. 
Stencilling,  weaving,  decorative  painting,  and  modelling  are  only  a 
few  of  the  many  offered. 


66  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Creative  Art  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  aim  of  this  elective  course  is  to  develop  expression  in  draw- 
ing,  oil   painting,   or  other  art  media.   The  studies   are   selected  and 
arranged  with  regard  to  the  individual  interests  of  the  student.  No 
prerequisite.  This  course  is  open  to  all  curricula. 

Practical  Problems  in  Art  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Practical  problems  in  art  education  may  be  and  usually  are  varied 
in  nature.  Some  students  require  more  information  regarding  methods 
of  teaching  and  others  feel  that  more  art  techniques  are  desirable. 
Whatever  the  students  regard  as  problems  are  considered  the  objec- 
tives of  the  course  and  are  studied  to  the  point  where  student  needs 
are  considered  to  be  satisfied. 

Education 

Audio-Visual  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

Consideration  of  the  need  for  sensory  techniques  and  materials  in 
the  learning  process  with  attention  given  to  the  psychological  prin- 
ciples involved.  Acquaintance  with  and  achievement  of  skills  in  specific 
techniques,  materials,  and  equipment  within  his  teaching  field.  Ac- 
tivities will  include  actual  production  of  material  for  classroom  use 
and  participation  in  their  use. 

Introduction  to  Philosophy  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
An  introduction  to   philosophy  with  emphasis   upon   current  and 
pertinent  problems.  An  historical  survey  of  the  contributions  of  out- 
standing ancient  and  modern  philosophies.  Especial  attention  is  given 
to  ethical  implications. 

Problems  of  Secondary  Education — 

Including  Guidance  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Consideration  of  the  practical  problems  of  secondary  teaching  and 
organization.  Survey  of  the  basic  structure  and  nature  of  American 
secondary  education  emphasizing  guidance  principles.  Prerequisite: 
Professional  Orientation. 

Professional  Orientation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
An  orientation  and  guidance  course  acquainting  prospective  teach- 
ers with  the  opportunities  and  requirements  of  the  profession;  the 
relationship  of  the  school  to  society;  the  organization  and  administra- 
tion of  the  American  school  system.  Extensive  directed  observation  of 
various  schools  and  learning  situations  will  be  required. 

Professional  Practicum  Including 

School  Law  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
Methods  and  practices  of  teaching.  General  techniques  of  teaching 
and   techniques   for   the   students'    special   field.   Pennsylvania   school 
laws   relevant  to  the  work   of  the  classroom  teacher.   Problems   en- 
countered by  the  students  in  their  student  teaching. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  67 

Recent  Trends  in  American  Education  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
Survey  of  recent  practices,  theories,  and  trends  in  American  edu- 
cation. Intensive  study  of  current  and  recent  writings  in  conjunction 
with  field  trips  and  extensive  observations.  Prerequisite:  Professional 
Orientation. 

Student  Teaching  and  Direction  of 

Student  Activities  Thirty  hours  per  week  for  one  semester 

Twelve  semester  hours 
Observation  and  participation  in  all  teaching  and  activities  related 
to  the  performance  of  a  teacher's  work,  in  the  area  of  the  student's 
specialization. 

Education — Elementary 
Child  Adjustment  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Application  of  the  principles  of  mental  hygiene  to  the  problems  of 
elementary  school  children  in  home,  school,  and  community;  study  of 
special  agencies  concerned  with  child  welfare;  clinics,  social  agencies, 
juvenile  courts,  etc. 

Child  Development  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Acquisition  of  understanding  and  appreciation  of  the  patterns  of 
physical,  mental,  social  and  emotional  growth  in  the  period  of  early 
childhood.  Consideration  of  local,  state,  and  national  agencies  con- 
cerned with  the  welfare  and  education  of  early  childhood.  Observation 
of  learning  situations  in  the  family,  school  and  community  environ- 
ments. 

Creative  Activities  in  the 

Elementary  School  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Consideration  of  the  guidance  of  children  in  creative  learning  and 
expression.  Emphasis  upon  the  child's  needs  to  discover  creative  in- 
terests and  upon  the  development  of  skills  and  refinements  of  taste 
needed  for  rich  experience  in  art,  music  and  literature. 

Diagnostic  and  Remedial  Reading  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Acquaintance  with  recent  research  in  the  field  of  reading  to  ac- 
quaint students  with  problems  and  needs  common  to  incompetent 
readers  and  with  the  most  successful  materials  and  techniques  for 
dealing  with  such  problems.  Demonstration  and  practice  in  testing, 
planning,  and  directing  remedial  programs  with  groups  and  individ- 
uals.  Prerequisite:   Teaching  of  Reading. 

Language  Arts  in  the  Elementary  Grades  Nine  hours  per  week 

Nine  semester  hours 
Preparation  of  teachers  for  the  development  of  the  child's  abilities 
in  oral  and  written  communication.  Provides  knowledge  of  the  nature 
of  reading  processes  and  materials  of  instruction.  Essential  techniques 
and  materials  of  language,  including  handwriting  and  spelling,  to 
teach  the  child  knowledge  and  skills  in  the  fundamentals  of  oral  and 
written  communication  are  considered.  Children's  Literature  is  ex- 
plored to  acquaint  the  prospective  teacher  with  appropriate  materials. 


68  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

OR 

Teaching  of  Reading  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Scientific  aspects  of  reading  and  problems  in  the  teach- 
ing of  reading  in  all  elementary  grades.  Presentation  in 
theory  and  practice,  from  careful  examination  of  research 
and  from  observation.  Opportunity  for  the  student  to  ac- 
quaint himself  with  a  variety  of  modern  reading  materials 
and  with  approved  techniques  in  their  use.  Problems  of 
disability  and  their  treatment. 

Teaching  of  Elementary  English  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Survey  of  the  content  of  the  curriculum  in  English  in 

the  elementary  grades.  Methods  of  teaching  oral  and  written 

composition,   principles   of   grammar,   poetry  and  literature. 

The  teaching  of  handwriting  is  part  of  this  course. 

Children's  Literature  and 

Story  Telling  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
An  introduction  to  important  children's  books,  old  and 
new,  and  to  techniques  for  the  presentation  of  book  mate- 
rials. It  encourages  wide  reading  of  juvenile  literature  and 
provides  criteria  for  and  experience  in  the  evaluation  of  chil- 
dren's books. 

Pre-School  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Study  of  pre-school  and  kindergarten  children,  of  nursery  school 
and  kindergarten  programs,  materials,  equipment  and  procedure,  rec- 
ords and  reports.  Laboratory  school  experiences  supplement  reading 
and  discussion  of  acceptable  standards  and  teaching  practices.  Pre- 
requisite: Child  Development. 

School  and  Community  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Study  of  group  and  intergroup  activities  and  the  role  of  the  in- 
dividual in  the  group;  of  community  interests,  needs,  resources  and 
problems;  of  teacher  responsibility  in  community  activities:  profes- 
sional, social,  civic,  religious,  and  political.  Student  participation  in 
community  activities  is  stressed. 

Social  Living  in  the  Elementary  School  Nine  hours  per  week 

Nine  semester  hours 
The  techniques  of  the  teaching  of  children  to  achieve  basic  con- 
cepts and  skills  in  mathematics,  science,  geography,  economics,  sociol- 
ogy, and  history  and  the  survey  of  instructional  materials  and  the 
curriculum  in  these  areas.  Ways  of  developing  meaningful  experiences 
in  each  area  and  ways  of  organizing  content  into  social  living  units 
will  be  stressed. 

OR 

The  Teaching  of  Arithmetic  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The    various    processes    and    operations    needed    in    the 

arithmetic  of  the  elementary  school  are  carefully  analyzed 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  69 

so  that  the  students  may  see  just  what  must  be  taught  and 
what  problems  and  difficulties  are  likely  to  be  encountered 
as  this  work  is  presented.  Suggestions  for  meeting  these 
problems  and  for  preventing  or  correcting  common  arithmet- 
ical deficiencies. 

Three  semester  hours 
Teaching  of  Elementary  Science  Three  hours  per  week 

Methods  of  presenting  science  in  each  grade  of  the  ele- 
mentary school  and  with  the  important  facts  and  principles 
that  should  be  taught  in  each  grade.  Stressed  are  field  work, 
collection  of  materials,  special  techniques  and  demonstra- 
tions to  adapt  elementary  science  to  local  conditions.  Ele- 
mentary science  syllabi  of  several  states  and  cities  are 
studied.  Evaluations  of  elementary  science  texts  and  pamph- 
lets are  now  available  for  each  grade. 

Teaching  of  Social  Studies 

and  Geography  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  survey  of  methods  and  techniques,  stressing  the  profit- 
able use  of  community  resources,  the  development  of  health 
civic  attitudes,  and  such  specific  problems  as  the  grade 
placement  of  materials,  testing,  and  procedures  for  creating 
sustained  interest. 

Speech  Problems  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Acquaintance  of  students  with  the  various  speech  problems  com- 
mon to  children  in  the  elementary  school.  Emphasis  is  placed  upon 
remedial  techniques.  The  study  of  materials,  methods,  and  techniques 
used  by  the  classroom  teacher  in  improving  the  speech  of  all  children. 

Teaching  the  Exceptional  Child  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  study  of  atypical  children  who  need  help  in  order  to  adjust 
and  succeed  to  the  extent  of  their  capacity.  Students  are  guided  in 
recognizing,  understanding,  and  dealing  with  the  additional  needs  of 
the  superior  child  and  the  mentally,  physically,  or  emotionally  handi- 
capped child.  The  selection,  construction  and  adaptation  of  learning 
aids  and  materials. 

Education — Safety 
Driver  Education  and  Traffic  Safety  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Classroom  instructions  combined  with  road  training  and  the  teach- 
ing of  driving  to  beginners  using  dual  control  cars.  Emphasis  is 
placed  upon  the  essential  facts,  principles,  skills  and  attitudes  neces- 
sary for  good  driving  and  the  teaching  of  same  to  beginning  drivers. 
Ability  to  use  and  interpret  the  results  of  psycho-physical  testing  is 
required. 

General  Safety  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  development  of  habits  and  attitudes  that  will  make  for  safe 
living  by  both  teachers  and  students.  Acquaintance  with  1.  Rules,  reg- 
ulations, and  laws  concerning  the  operation  of  motor  vehicles;  2. 
Rules  and  regulations  of  pedestrian  travel;  3.  Other  hazards  to  which 
we  are  commonly  subjected,  such  as  fire,  electricity,  etc.,  especially  in 
the  home  and  school. 


70  STATE  TEACHERS  COT.T.EGE 

Methods  and  Materials  of  Teaching  Safety 

Education  in  the  Secondary  Schools  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  study  of  evaluative  techniques,  content,  methods,  and  teaching 
aids  in  the  program  of  Safety  Education  in  the  secondary,  schools. 

Organization  and  Administration 

of  Safety  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Curriculum  content  and  experiences  for  all  school  grades  in  safety 
education,  its  organization  and  graduation  for  teaching  purposes. 
Ways  and  means  of  administering  a  safety  education  program. 

Psychology  of  Accident  Prevention  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Relates  the  achievement  of  behavior  outcomes  relating  to  safe 
living  to  the  psychological  factors  and  techniques  essential  in  the 
learning  process.  A  review  of  the  literature  and  experimentation 
relative  to  proneness  to  accidents,  affect  of  alcohol  on  drivers,  re- 
action times,  etc. 

Visual  and  Other  Aids  in 

Safety  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Evaluation  and  use  of  posters,  charts,  radio,  projectors,  and 
special  aids  in  the  teaching  of  Safety  Education. 

Psychology 

Child  Psychology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  development  of  a  functional  understanding  of  the  maturation 
and  learning  of  children  from  birth  to  adolescence  and  the  physical 
growth  as  related  to  psychological  maturation.  The  laboratory  school 
is  used  for  the  purpose  of  implementing  the  basic  facts  and  principles 
relating  to  child  growth  by  frequent  observation.  Prerequisite:  Gen- 
eral Psychology. 

Educational  Psychology  and 

Evaluative  Techniques  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  nature  of  the  learning  process  with  emphasis  on  the  applica- 
tion of  the  principles  of  psychology  to  the  problems  of  learning  and 
teaching.  An  important  aspect  of  the  course  is  the  study  of  actual 
classroom  problems  and  procedures  by  observation  of  regular  work 
and  by  special  illustrative  demonstrations  in  the  laboratory  school. 
Prerequisite:  General  Psychology. 

General  Psychology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  comprehensive  study  of  the  origins,  motives,  and  modifications 
of  human  behavior  with  emphasis  on  the  scientific  approval  in  analyz- 
ing behavior  patterns;  the  importance  of  man's  biological  inheritance, 
and  the  significance  of  social  environment  in  influencing  human 
living.  Attention  is  given  to  the  simpler  techniques  in  psychological 
experimentation. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  71 

Mental  Hygiene  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Problems  of  personality  and  mechanisms  of  adjustment,  including 
a  study  of  the  origin  and  resolution  of  conflicts,  and  the  role  of  emo- 
tion   in   the   pattern    of   behavior    are   studied.    Prerequisite:    General 
Psychology. 

Psychology  of  Adolescence  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
An  intensive  study  of  problems  in  adjustment  and  development 
during  the  period  of  transition  from  childhood  to  adulthood.  Special 
attention  is  focused  upon  inner  drives  and  upon  the  influence  of 
social  pressures  and  the  principles  and  facts  of  adolescent  develop- 
ment which  are  useful  to  parents  and  teachers.  Case  studies  are 
utilized.    Prerequisite:    General    Psychology. 

Psychology  of  Exceptional  Children  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  problems  of  exceptional  or  atypical  children.  The  major  pur- 
pose is  to  gain  a  functional  understanding  of  the  various  types  of 
Psychological  and  physical  deviates,  both  as  to  the  genesis  of  their 
behavior  processes,  their  treatment,  and  the  guiding  principles  in- 
volved in  their  training.  Prerequisite:   General  Psychology. 

English 
Communication  I  Five  hours  per  week 

Five  semester  hours 
The  study  of  communication  provides  both  vicarious  and  direct 
development  of  abilities  for  personal  expression.  It  includes  extensive 
practice  in  reading,  speaking,  and  writing  in  language  form,  appro- 
priate to  social  and  professional  situations;  and  instruction  in  the 
use  of  formal  and  informal  discussion  techniques.  The  college  librar- 
ians collaborate  with  the  English  Department  in  the  introduction  of 
library  usage  in  relation  to  composition  and  literature  requirements. 

Communication  II  Five  hours  per  week 

Five  semester  hours 
This  developmental  program  includes  the  refinement  and  exten- 
sion of  skills  and  techniques  of  Communication  I  with  special  empha- 
sis on  the  basic  reading,  speaking,  and  writing  skills  appropriate  to 
the  various  fields  of  learning.  Prerequisite:  Communication  I. 

OR 

English  I  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Review  of  grammar,  analysis  of  construction,  practice  in 
good  usage,  remedial  work  in  punctuation,  spelling,  and 
mechanics  of  English,  vocabulary  study.  Writing  of  brief 
compositions  for  self  expression,  also  reading  to  stimulate 
thinking  on  problems  of  our  age.  The  college  librarians 
collaborate  with  the  English  Department  in  the  introduc- 
tion of  library  usage  in  relation  to  composition  and  literature 
requirements. 

English  II  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Study  and  application  of  the  laws  of  composition;  meth- 
ods   and    types    of    exposition;    description    and    narration. 


72  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

Paragraph  and  theme  writing;  analysis  of  literary  samples; 
book  reviewing;  outlining;  assembling  bibliography.  Contin- 
ued functional  practice  in  mechanics.  Prerequisite :  English  I. 

Speech  I  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

Study  and  application  of  fundamental  principles  of 
effective  speaking;  training  in  selection,  organization,  and 
development  of  materials  suitable  for  speeches;  recording 
and  analysis  of  voice;  emphasis  on  personality  adjustments 
as    related   to    speaking-listening   situation. 

Speech  II  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

Continuation  of  Speech  I  with  special  emphasis  on  group 
discussion  and  parliamentary  procedure;  expository,  narra- 
tive, and  descriptive  materials;  speeches  for  special  occa- 
sions;  interpretive  or  choral   reading. 

World  Culture  I  and  II         Five  hours  per  week  for  two  semesters 

Ten  semester  hours 

A  survey  of  the  evolution  of  man's  culture — his  governmental, 
economic,  social,  religious,  intellectual,  and  aesthetic,  from  the  begin- 
nings of  the  race  to  the  present  time. 

OR 

Literature  I  and  II 

Two  hours  per  week  for  two  semesters 
Four  semester  hours 

As  an  introduction  to  literature,  this  course  is  designed 
to  provide  opportunities  for  both  wide  and  extensive  reading 
which  will  familiarize  students  with  the  development  of 
human  thought  as  it  has  found  expression  in  the  recognized 
literary  masterpieces  of  all  times  and  peoples. 

AND 

History  of  Civilization  I  and  II 

Three  hours  per  semester  for  two  semesters 
Six  semester  hours 

Advanced  Composition  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Advanced  experience  in  writing  is  afforded  through  the  prepara- 
tion of  reviews,  digests,  and  critical  reports,  employing  expository, 
descriptive,  and  argumentative  techniques. 

American  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three   semester  hours 

This  course  is  a  survey  of  representative  American  writings  from 
colonial  times  to  the  present.  Particular  attention  is  given  those  writ- 
ings which  best  exemplify  democratic  ideals  and  national  character. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  73 

American  Poetry  Three  hours  per  week 

Three   semester  hours 

The  nature,  form,  and  function  of  verse  as  exemplified  by  repre- 
sentative American  poets  are  examined,  with  particular  reference  to 
social  backgrounds  and  national  ideals. 

American  Prose  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  development  of  national  ideals  as  expressed  by 
representative  prose  masterpieces,  with  extensive  critical  reading  in 
current  periodicals  as  well  as  intensive  study  of  great  works  of  the 
past. 

Children's  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three   semester  hours 

An  introduction  to  important  children's  books,  old  and  new,  and 
to  techniques  for  the  presentation  of  book  materials.  It  encourages 
wide  reading  of  juvenile  literature  and  provides  criteria  for  and  ex- 
perience in  the  evaluation  of  children's  books. 

Contemporary  Novel  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  modern  and  contemporary  movements  in  fiction  based 
on  the  critical  reading  and  analysis  of  English  and  American  novels 
published  since  1870. 

Contemporary  Poetry  Three  hours  per  week- 

Three  semester  hours 

An  examination  of  representative  poetry  published  since  1870,  in 
both  England  and  America,  provides  the  basis  for  a  study  of  forms, 
aspects,  and  tendencies  in  contemporary  verse,  with  particular  refer- 
ence to  poetry  as  a  criticism  of  modern  life. 

Creative  Writing  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

An  advanced  course  for  students  of  marked  ability  in  the  creative 
processes  of  writing.  The  course  aims  to  develop  creative  ability,  to 
improve  the  student's  own  style,  and  to  furnish  methods  and  materials 
for  the  teaching  of  composition  in  the  secondary  schools. 

Eighteenth  Century  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  critical  consideration  of  significant  eighteenth-century  writers 
with  emphasis  upon  the  struggle  between  tradition  and  revolt  as 
reflected  in  the  works  of  Pope,  Johnson,  Addison,  Swift,  Goldsmith, 
and   other  representative  writers  of  the  period. 

English  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

English  Literature  is  surveyed  from  Anglo-Saxon  times  to  the 
present  with  emphasis  on  recognized  masterpieces.  The  course  has 
two  basic  aims:  (1)  broader  knowledge  of  the  growth  of  English  and 
thr.ir  relation  to  historic  movements;  (2)  wider  reading  and  more  in- 
telligent  appreciation. 


74  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

English  Philology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This    course   introduces   students   to   the   scientific   and   historical 

study    of    the    development    of    modern    English    and    the    discernible 

trends  in  language  today  through  the  use  of  exercise  in  phonetics, 

etymology,  and  dictionary  usage. 

Journalism  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  organization,  management,  and  supervision  of  the  content  of 

school  publications,  the  preparation  of  school  publicity  materials,  and 

the   development   of  journalistic   style  is   acquired   through   practical 

participation  in  journalistic  activities. 

Literary  Criticism  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The   historical    study   of   literary    criticism    and   aesthetic   theory, 
with  emphasis  upon  modern  trends. 

Modern  Drama  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A    comprehensive    view    of    the    best    dramatic    literature    of    the 

modern  American  and  British  theatre  since  1890  is  presented  through 

lectures,    discussions,    and    experiences    related    to    the    contemporary 

stage. 

Pre-Shakespearean  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  cultural  backgrounds  of  the  English-speaking  race, 
its  folkways,  legends,  balladry,  and  history,  particularly,  as  reflected  in 
Beowulf,  the  Arthurian  epics,   Chaucer  and  Spenser. 

Teaching  of  English  in  Secondary  Schools  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  content  of  language-arts  requirements  of  the  secondary  school 

is  reviewed,  with  special  reference  to  grade-placement  and  adaptation 

of  materials,  appraisal  of  results,  and  the  development  of  programs  of, 

study.  Directed  observation  in  the  laboratory  is  frequently  employed. 

Shakespeare  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  work  of  this  course  is  a  study  of  selected  comedies,  tragedies, 
and  historical  plays  by  Shakespeare,  together  with  the  social,  histori- 
cal, and  literary  background  necessary  for  their  full  appreciation. 
Particular  reference  is  made  to  those  plays  most  frequently  included 
in  secondary  school  curriculums. 

Short  Story  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The   development   of  the   short  story  as   a  distinct  and   popular 
current   literary   form   is   traced    through   its   history   and   technique. 
Recent  tendencies  are  investigated  and  wide  reading  in  current  period- 
icals is  encouraged. 

The  Essay  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  history  and  development  of  the  essay  as  a  distinctive  literary 
form,   together   with   readings   in   current   periodical    non-fiction   and 
provision   for  opportunities  for  self-expression  through  writing. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  75 

The  Literature  of  Biography  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  historical  development  of  biographical  writing  with 
readings  from  Plutarch,  Boswell,  Carlyle,  Macaulay,  Strachey,  Brad- 
ford, Ludwig,  and  standard  and  contemporary  biographers. 

The  Novel  to  1870  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  rise  and  development  of  the  novel  in  English  from 
its  predecessors  of  the  eighteenth  century  to  Hardy  and  Mark  Twain. 
A  selected  list  of  novels  is  assigned  for  analysis  with  a  view  to  cul- 
tivating an  appreciation  of  this  dominant  literary  form. 

The  Romantic  Movement  Three  hours  per  week 

Three   semester  hours 

A  study  of  Wordsworth,  Coleridge,  Byron,  Shelly,  Keats,  and  their 
contemporaries,  in  the  light  of  social  background  and  biographical  and 
critical  doctrine. 

Victorian  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Victorian  culture  is  studied  through  its  interpretation  by  poets 
and  essayists  of  the  period,  with  particular  reference  to  the  writings 
of  Carlyle,  Ruskin,  Newman,  Browning,  Tennyson. 


76  state  teachers  college 

Foreign  Languages 

French 

French  I  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  includes  pronunciation,  conversation  and  elementary 
French  Grammar.  Stress  is  placed  on  accurate  grammatical  construc- 
tion, by  use  of  French  to  English  translations  as  well  as  English  to 
French  translations.  Conversation  is  stressed  in  class  and  each  stu- 
dent is  urged  to  use  the  language  as  much  as  possible  in  class. 

French  II  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  is  a  continuation  of  French  I  with  special  stress  on 
irregular  verbs  and  the  construction  of  tenses. 

French  111  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  includes  a  review  of  French  grammar  with  special 
emphasis  on  all  the  more  common  irregular  verbs  and  idioms.  Atten- 
tion is  given  to  correct  pronunciation  and  reading  aloud  in  French. 
The  aim  of  the  course  is  to  provide  a  good  background  for  future 
work  in  French.  Pre-requisite:  two  years  of  high  school  French  or 
equivalent. 

French  IV  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A   continuation   of   French   I  with   emphasis   on   the   Subjunctive 
Mood  and  advanced  composition. 

French  V  and  VI — Survey  of  Literature 

Each  course:  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Selected    readings   from   authors   whose   works   throw   light   upon 

current  problems  of  social  living.  Form  and  oral  expression  are  taught 

in  the  framework  of  the  literature  read.  Prerequisite:  French  IV. 

French  VII — Advanced  Language  and 

Techniques  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Emphasis  is  placed  not  only  on  the  ability  to  speak  and  write  a 
foreign   language,   but   on   the   techniques    necessary   for   the   foreign 
language   teacher.   Prerequisite:    French   V. 

French  VIII — French  Classical  Drama  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  masterpieces  of  Corneille,  Moliere,  and  Racine  are  read,  after 

a  consideration  of  the  early  history  of  the  drama.  Prerequisite :  French 

rv. 

French  IX — French  Literature  of  the 

Nineteenth  Century  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  includes  the  development  of  both  the  Romantic  and  Natural- 
istic schools.  Prerequisite:  French  IV. 

French  X — Development  of  the  French  Novel  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Representative  novels  from  eighteenth,  nineteenth,  and  twentieth 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  77 


centuries  are  read  and  discussed  in  the  native  language.  Prerequisite: 
French  IV. 

Latin 

Latin  I,  Ovid  and  Virgil  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  course  in  Latin  poetry  of  the  Augustan  age.  Some  of  Ovid's 
musical  verses  are  read  that  best  reveal  poetry  in  lighter  view  en- 
joyed by  the  fashionable  Romans  of  the  day.  For  the  students  who 
have  read  Virgil's  "Aeneid"  portions  of  the  "Bucolics"  and  "Georgies" 
are  chosen  for  the  second  half  of  the  course.  The  "Bucolics"  are 
devoted  to  the  current  political  events  of  the  age  and  the  "Georgies" 
consist  of  didatic  poems  on  agricultural  subjects. 

Latin  II,  Livy  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  reading  of  Books  I,  XXI,  XXII  to  develop  the  student's 
interest  in  the  legendary  and  early  history  of  Rome.  The  course  aims 
also  to  acquaint  the  student  with  the  lives  and  characters  of  the 
leading  men  who  helped  to  shape  her  destiny.  A  study  is  made  of 
Livy's  style  as  a  historian  and  his  ability  to  portray  vivid  historical 
and  dramatic  scenes. 

Latin  III,  Cicero's  De  Senectute,  De  Amicitia 

Three  hours  per  week 
Three  semester  hours 
A  literary  study  of  the  essay  as  a  distinctive  type  of  Roman 
literature.  The  main  purpose  of  the  course  is  to  develop  increased 
ability  to  read  Latin,  to  master  the  vocabulary  and  syntax  of  Cicero, 
and  to  acquaint  the  student  with  the  philosophy  of  the  Roman  as 
it  is  revealed  in  Cicero's  discussion  of  old  age  and  friendship. 

Latin  IV — Horace  Odes  and  Epodes  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  purpose  of  this  course  is  to  read  and  appreciate  the  poetry 
of  Horace,  one  of  the  representative  poets  of  the  Augustan  age  and 
a  personal  friend  of  the  emperor.  Special  emphasis  is  placed  upon 
Horace's  imagery,  artistry,  humor  and  philosophy  of  life.  A  com- 
parison with  other  poets  of  the  day  is  made,  and  the  attention  of 
the  student  is  directed  to  the  ideas  of  Horace  prevailing  in  con- 
temporary verse. 

Latin  V — Plautus  and  Terence  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  course  in  Roman  comedy  belonging  to  the  early  days  of  the 
Republic.  In  addition  to  the  reading  of  plays,  a  study  of  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Roman  drama  is  made  with  frequent  reports  on  the 
theatre,  actors,  and  dramatic  plots.  Attention  is  directed  to  the  forms 
and  Syntax  of  the  early  Republican  era. 

Latin  VI,  Roman  Civilization  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  civilization  of  the  Romans  from  the  beginning  of 
h<r  history  through  the  Empire  Period.  Attention  is  given  to  the 
myths  and  private  life  of  the  Romans  as  well  as  to  her  legislative 
and  political  institutions  which  led  to  her  conquest  of  the  world. 
Rome's  contribution  to  the  world  civilization  is  studied  and  facts  are 
investigated  that  arc  of  special  value  to  the  prospective  teacher  of 
Latin. 


78  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Spanish 

Spanish  I — Beginners'  Spanish  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  includes  pronunciation,  conversation  and  elementary 
Spanish  Grammar.  Stress  is  placed  on  accurate  grammatical  con- 
structions, by  use  of  Spanish  to  English  translations  as  well  as  Eng- 
lish to  Spanish  translations.  Conversation  is  stressed  in  class  and 
each  student  is  urged  to  use  the  language  as  much  as  possible  in  class. 

Spanish  11 — Beginners'  Spanish  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  is  a  continuation  of  Spanish  I  with  special  stress  on 
irregular  verbs,  the  construction  of  tenses  and  the  subjunctive  mood. 

Spanish  111 — Conversational  Spanish  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  deals  only  with  spoken  Spanish.  The  entire  class  is 
conducted  in  the  venacular  with  stress  on  grammatical  correctness. 

Spanish  IV — Intermediate  Spanish  Grammar       Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  review  of  elementary  grammar  with  special  emphasis  on  irreg- 
ular verbs,  orthographic  and  radical  changing  verbs. 

Spanish  V — Spanish  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Study  of  outstanding  writers  and  literary  movements.  Activities 
include  supplementary  reading,  oral  and  written  reports  and  critiques. 
Prerequisite:  Spanish  IV. 

Spanish  VI — Spanish-American  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Study  of  outstanding  writers  and  literary  movements.  Activities 
include  supplementary  reading,  oral  and  written  reports  and  critiques. 
Prerequisite:  Spanish  IV. 

Spanish  VII — The  Short  Story  in 

Spain  and  America  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  survey  of  the  cultivation  of  the  genre.  There  are  readings  from 
the  works  of  Pardo  Bazan,  Valle  Inclan,  Juan  Valera,  Jose  Ruben 
Romera,  Rafel  Delgado,  Horacio  Quiroga,  Roberto  Payro,  and  others. 
The  work  includes  oral  and  written  reports  and  critiques.  Prerequisite: 
Spanish  IV. 

Spanish  VIII — The  Novel  In  Spain 

and  America  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  development  of  the  novel.  Representative  types 
such  as  the  picaresque  novel,  the  psychological  novel,  the  novel  of 
social  thesis,  the  regional  novel,  and  the  historical  novel  are  analyzed. 
There  are  readings  from  Cervantes,  Valera,  Pereda,  Galdos,  Blasco 
Ibanez,  Baroja,  Alarcon,  Palacio  Valdes,  Lopez  Y  Fuentes,  Azuela, 
Galvez,  Gallegos,  and  others.  The  work  includes  oral  and  written 
reports   and   critiques.   Prerequisite:    Spanish  IV. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  79 

Spanish  IX — The  Drama  in  Spain 

and  America  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  is  a  review  of  the  history  of  the  theatre  and  various  dram- 
atic forms  such  as  the  classic  drama  of  the  "siglo  de  oro,"  the  ro- 
mantic movement,  the  realistic  theatre,  and  the  genero  chico.  There 
are  readings  from  Lope  de  Vega,  Calderone  de  la  Barca,  Tirso  de 
Molina,  Echegaray,  Rivas  Juana  Inez  de  la  Cruz,  Alarcon  Benaveate, 
Los  Quinteros,  Florencio  Sanchez,  and  others.  This  course  includes 
oral  and  written  reports,  critiques,  and  dramatic  readings.  Pre- 
requisite: Spanish  TV. 

Spanish  X — Mexican  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  is  a  chronological  survey  of  outstanding  works  in  the 
prose  and  poetry  of  Mexico,  pointed  toward  clarifications  of  Mexican 
history  and  contemporary  writings.  The  work  includes  oral  and  writ- 
ten reports  and  critiques.  Prerequisite:  Spanish  W. 
Spanish  XI — Intensive  Grammar  and 

Teaching  Techniques  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  ability  to  write  and  speak  the  foreign 
language  through  intensive  study  of  the  structure  of  the  language. 
Spanish  XII — Advanced  Conversation 

and  Composition  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Development  of  facility  in  using  the  everyday  language  in  both 
oral  and  written  communications  with  people  to  whom  the  language 
is  native. 

Geography 
World  Geography  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  basic  course  organized  to  develop  a  knowledge  and  appreciation 
of  the  physical  factors  of  the  environment,  and  man's  adjustment  to 
them.  World  patterns  of  land  forms,  climate,  soils,  vegetation,  etc., 
are  emphasized  in  relation  to  their  influence  on  the  economic  and 
cultural  activities  of  man. 
Geography  of  United  States  and 

Pennsylvania  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
An  analysis  of  population,  land  utilization,  production  and  trade, 
through  a  comprehensive  study  of  the  relations  between  the  physical 
factors  of  the  environment  and  man.  The  first  part  of  the  course 
deals  with  Pennsylvania,  and  through  its  economic  position  within 
the  States,  proceeds  logically  to  an  analysis  of  the  nation  as  a  whole 
and  its  world  relations.  Prerequisite:  World  Geography. 

Cartography  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  course  designed  to  develop  proficiency  in  the  use  and  interpreta- 
tion of  globes,  maps,  models,  graphs,  cartograms,  and  geographic  dia- 
grams. A  ntudy  of  the  history  of  maps  and  map  making;  instruction 


80  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


in  the  construction  of  selected  projections,  graphs,  and  diagrams;  and 
the  application  of  each  to  the  teaching  of  geography,  form  the  con- 
tent of  the  course.  Prerequisite:  World  Geography. 

Climatology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  systematic  study  of  the  climatic  regions  of  the  world  and  the 
advantages  and  limitations  of  each  for  man's  occupance.  The  physical 
aspects  of  the  atmosphere,  and  the  regional  characteristics  of  climate 
are  investigated.  The  course  is  valuable  background  material  for 
the  course  World  Problems  in  Geography.  Prerequisite:  World  Geog- 
raphy. 

Commercial  Air  Transportation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  development  of  commercial  aviation.  Governmental 
agreements,  subsidies,  control  and  use  of  air  bases,  the  significance 
of  Great  Circle  routes  and  the  Polar  regions  are  considered.  The 
course  may  be  used  as  an  elective  in  Aeronautic  Education.  Pre- 
requisite: World  Geography. 

Conservation  of  Natural  Resources  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  utilization  of  the  nation's  resources  in  order  to 
analyze  the  need  for  conservation,  the  problems  of  conservation,  and 
to  investigate  suggested  methods  for  the  prevention  of  waste.  The 
resources  of  land,  water,  plant  and  animal  life,  mineral  resources, 
and  man  are  considered. 

Economic  Geography  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  activities  whereby  man  makes  a  living.  World 
production  in  agriculture,  forestry,  mining  and  manufacturing;  dis- 
tribution of  population;  and  world  trade  are  considered  and  the 
knowledge  acquired  is  applied  to  an  interpretation  of  world  problems. 
The  course  furnishes  a  background  for  greater  understanding  of 
national  and  international  affairs. 

Geographic  Influences  in  History  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  relations  between  the  natural  environment  and  the 
historical  movement  of  man.  The  course  emphasizes  the  influence  of 
coasts,  islands,  rivers,  mountains,  vegetation,  and  soil  in  the  explora- 
tion and  the  settlement  of  the  United  States  and  in  the  expansion  of 
the  American  people  from  a  small  nation  to  a  great  world  power. 
Prerequisite:    World    Geography. 

Geography  of  Asia  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
An  economic  study  of  the  major  geographic  regions  of  the  Soviet 
Union,  Southwestern  Asia,  and  India.  Special  emphasis  is  placed  on 
the  recent  cultural  and  political  changes  in  the  area  and  the  signifi- 
cance of  these  changes  to  the  world  economy.  Prerequisite:  World 
Geography. 

Geography  of  Africa  and  Australia  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  regional  study  of  Africa,  Australia  and  the  neighboring  islands 

of  the  Pacific,  showing  the  social  and  economic  development  of  these 

lands  in  relation  to  their  physical  environment.  The  political  affiliation 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  81 

of  these  lands,  the  geographic  aspects  of  the  problems  of  colonies,  land 
tenure,  race,  and  the  significance  of  strategic  location  and  production 
are  considered.  Prerequisite:  World  Geography. 

Geography  of  Europe  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  regional  course  designed  to  develop  unbiased  understanding  of 
the  economic  problems  of  Europe.  Geographic  relationships  underlying 
land  utilization,  boundary  disputes,  and  dominant  international  prob- 
lems are  considered.  The  Soviet  Union  is  not  included  in  this  course. 
Prerequisite:  World  Geography. 

Geography  of  the  Far  East  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  Japan,  China,  the  Philippines,  Southeastern  Asia,  and 
the  East  Indies.  Factors  of  the  natural  environment  and  man's  ad- 
justment to  them  economically,  socially,  and  politically,  are  investi- 
gated. Problems  of  low  standards  of  living,  conservation  of  resources, 
wider  use  of  resources,  and  industrialization  are  considered.  Pre- 
requisite: World  Geography. 

Geography  of  Latin  America  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  comparative  study  of  the  geographical  regions  of  Middle  and 
South  America.  The  Latin  American  relations  with  the  United  States 
and  the  rest  of  the  world  are  interpreted  through  an  analysis  of  the 
economic,  social  and  cultural  activities  of  man  in  relation  to  the 
physical  factors  of  his  environment.  Prerequisite:  World  Geography. 

Geography  of  Pennsylvania  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  regional  analysis  of  Pennsylvania,  emphasizing  man's  cultural 
and  economic  response  to  environmental  factors.  Special  attention  is 
given  to  the  resources  of  the  state,  analyzing  their  extent,  their  use, 
the  need  for  well  directed  conservation,  and  the  regional  planning 
program  of  the  Commonwealth.  Field  trips  are  an  integral  part  of 
the  course.  Prerequisite:  World  Geography  and  the  Geography  of 
Pennsylvania  and  the  United  States. 

Geography  of  the  United  States  and  Canada        Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  regional  study  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  considering 
man's  adjustment  to  the  physical  factors  of  relief,  climate,  soil,  vege- 
tation, and  mineral  resources.  Political  structure,  and  the  relations 
between  the  two  countries  and  the  rest  of  the  world,  are  analyzed  from 
a  geographic  point  of  view.  Prerequisite:  World  Geography. 

Geology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  surface  forms,  composition,  and  structure  of  the 
earth.  Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  agencies  which  are  continually  at 
work  altering  the  earth's  surface  forms,  the  classification  and  inter- 
pretation of  rocks,  and  the  evolution  of  life.  Prerequisite:  World 
Geography. 

Physiography  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  physical  phenomena  as  dynamic  forces  affecting 

man.  The  content  of  the  course  consists  of  a  systematic  study  of  land 


82  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


forms,  their  origin  and  the  forces  that  produced  them,  soils,  minerals, 
water  resources,  and  their  effect  on  man.  Prerequisite:  World  Geog- 
raphy. 

Meteorology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  systematic  study  of  the  atmosphere.  The  course  analyzes  the 
laws  and  underlying  principles  of  atmosphere  change.  An  opportunity 
is  afforded  the  student  to  become  familiar  with  the  common  weather 
instruments,  to  observe  and  record  weather  data,  to  read  and  interpret 
weather  maps,  and  to  consider  the  problems  of  aviation  growing  out  of 
atmospheric  conditions.  Prerequisite:  World  Geography. 

Teaching  of  Geography  in 

Secondary  Schools  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  survey  of  available  materials  and  current  curricula  in  the  field 
of  geography  form  the  basis  for  an  analysis  of  modern  techniques  in 
the  teaching  of  geography.  Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  importance  of 
geographic  thinking  in  the  interpretation  of  national  and  international 
problems,  acquisition  of  good  habits  for  citizenship,  analysis  of  text 
books  and  courses  contributing  to  these  objectives. 

Trade  and  Transportation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  world  trade  and  the  resulting  major  transportation 
routes  with  their  associated  ports,  railroad  centers,  and  contributing 
winterlands.  Consideration  is  given  to  the  locational  factors  of  cities, 
roads,  railroads,  sea  routes,  air  lanes;  and  to  the  problems  of  the 
modern  cities  and  the  tendency  for  decentralization. 

World  Problems  in  Geography  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  political  geography.  Attention  is  given  to  boundary  problems, 
the  value  and  control  of  colonies,  fishing  agreements,  problems  con- 
cerning the  commercial  aviation,  world  trade,  world  food  supplies, 
control  and  development  of  natural  resources,  and  the  geographic 
aspect  of  problems  concerning  world  peace.  Prerequisite:  World 
Geography. 

Health  and  Physical  Education 
Health  Education  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
Consideration  is  given  to  the  physical  and  mental  equipment  of 
the  individual  with  the  hope  that  practical  application  will  be  made 
in   personal   and   community  living.   Prerequisite:    None. 

Physical  Education  I  Two  hours  per  week 

One  semester  hour 
The  development  and  practice  of  skills  and  attitudes  in  seasonal 
activities    which    may    be    carried    on    in    college    and    after    college. 
Achievement  tests  are  given  to  determine  the  needs  of  the  student. 

Physical  Education  II  Two  hours  per  week 

One  semester  hour 
A  continuation  of  Physical  Education  I  with  greater  emphasis  and 
active  participation  in  activities  learned  in  Physical  Education  I. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  83 


Physical  Education  III  Two  hours  per  week 

One  semester  hour 
Specialization  in  selected  activities  aimed  to  bring  personal  per- 
formance ability  to  advanced  levels. 
Teaching  of  Health  and 

Physical  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

Juniors  in  the  Elementary  Curriculum  will  take  the  Professional 
Curriculum  in  Teaching  Health  and  Physical  Education  during  one 
semester  of  the  Junior  year.  The  units  are  designed  to  present  the 
meaning,  aim,  and  scope  of  school  health  and  physical  education  in 
the  elementary  schools. 

The  units  cover:  Healthful  School  Living,  Health  Service,  Health 
Instruction,  Elementary  Grade  Activities  in  Physical  Education,  Les- 
son Planning  and  Practice  Teaching. 

Library  Science 
Book  Selection  I  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  course  intended  to  cultivate  book  appreciation  and  book  knowl- 
edge and  give  guidance  in  general  reading.  Includes  principles  and 
criteria  used  in  book  selection;  textual  and  physical  aspects  of  books; 
book  reviews  and  other  aids  in  selection;  leading  publishers  and  their 
contributions;  survey  of  outstanding  books  of  various  types;  and 
practice  in  book  reviewing. 

Book  Selection  II  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  children's  books  and  reading  interests,  habits  and  skills 
which  will  prepare  a  person  to  give  effective  library  service  to  ele- 
mentary pupils.  Extensive  reading  of  children's  books;  criteria  for 
their  evaluation;  their  production;  illustrators  and  their  work;  with 
special  emphasis  on  recreational  reading. 

Books  and  Libraries  as  a  Social  Force  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  introduces  the  student  to  adult  reading  interests  and 
habits  so  the  school  librarian  may  give  some  service  to  parents  of 
her  pupils  or  direct  them  to  available  library  service.  The  history 
of  books  and  libraries;  good  printing  and  book  design;  book  clubs; 
sources  of  good  reviews;  adult  education  and  organizations  sponsoring 
it;  the  work  of  public  libraries. 

Cataloging  and  Classification  I  Three  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  preparation,  arrangement,  and  function  of  the 
dictionary  card  catalog  which  will  enable  the  student  to  prepare  the 
simplified  catalog  needed  in  a  school  library.  How  to  purchase  and 
adapt  printed  catalog  cards;  preparation  of  unit  cards;  analytics  and 
added  entries,  filing  of  cards;  the  catalog  as  the  main  index  to  a 
library's  materials. 

Cataloging  and  Classification  II  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
This  course  emphasizes  classification  by  the  Dewey  Decimal  sys- 
tem, with  constant  review  and  practice  of  the  principles  of  cataloging 


84  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


learned  in  Cataloging  and  Classification  I.  An  analysis  and  under- 
standing of  the  Dewey  Decimal  classes;  practice  in  assigning  class 
numbers;  sources  for  suggested  numbers;  assigning  subject  headings; 
preparation  of  the  shelf  list. 

Reference  Service  I  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
A  careful  study  of  the  general  reference  books  most  suitable  for 
a  school  library  which  will  enable  a  librarian  to  purchase  wisely,  use 
effectively  and  teach  pupils  their  use.  Some  attention  will  be  given  to 
the  preparation  of  annotated  bibliographies  for  teachers.  The  evalua- 
tion and  use  of  dictionaries,  encyclopedias,  yearbooks,  handbooks, 
directories,  serials,  indexes,  and  bibliographies. 

Reference  Service  II  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
The  objectives  are  similar  to  those  for  Reference  Service  I  but 
the  books  and  materials  studied  are  in  the  special  fields  with  emphasis 
on  secondary  school  subjects.  Among  the  fields  studied  are  history, 
social  sciences,  science,  applied  sciences,  the  arts,  literature,  and  phil- 
osophy and  religion.  Reference  procedures  and  organizations  are  given 
added  attention. 

Administration  of  School  Libraries  1  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
Provides  an  introduction  to  librarianship,  a  picture  of  an  effective 
school  library,  develops  a  philosophy  of  librarianship,  and  provides 
practice  work  in  a  school  library.  The  librarian's  status,  and  duties; 
the  objectives  and  organizations  of  a  school  library,  its  relation  to 
the  rest  of  the  school;  management  of  pupils;  housing  and  equipment 
and  personnel. 

Administration  of  School  Libraries  II  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Provides  study  of  additional  matters  relating  to  the  administra- 
tion of  a  school  library;  Budgets,  finances,  and  acquisitions  of  mate- 
rials; controlling  pupil  attendance;  circulating  materials  to  pupils  and 
teachers;  preparation  of  books  and  materials  for  the  shelves;  relation 
of  the  school  library  to  school,  community,  state  and  federal  govern- 
ments. Cooperation  with  library  organizations  and  educational  found- 
ations. 

Administration  of  School  Libraries  HI  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Concentrates  on  the  following  objectives  and  content:  (1)  To  de- 
velop knowledge  and  skill  for  keeping  books,  pamphlets,  and  maga- 
zines in  good  physical  condition.  This  includes  mending  and  repair, 
weeding  and  discarding.  (2)  To  study  the  processes  whereby  a  school 
library  is  evaluated,  and  the  means  whereby  the  library  may  be 
improved  so  that  a  favorable  evaluation  report  may  be  expected. 
(3)  To  plan  off-campus  field  work  and  use  reports  of  experiences 
for  review  and  further  study.  (4)  To  study  annual  reports  and  other 
means  of  advertising. 

Enrichment  Materials  1  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The   following   problems   and   topics    are   studied;    materials   and 
methods  for  teaching  pupils  and  faculty  to  use  books  and  libraries; 
a  study  of  school  objectives  and  courses  of  study  as  based  for  enrich- 
ment by  a  librarian;  sources  of  materials! — such  as  the  Standard  Cata- 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  85 

logs  and  Rue  indexes — which  will  supplement  textbooks  and  courses 
of  study;  materials  good  for  enrichment  in  many  subject  areas;  and 
ways  to  present  materials  to  pupils  and  teachers. 

Enrichment  Materials  II  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
Effective  ways  for  libraries  to  secure,  organize  and  use  pamphlet, 
visual,  auditory,  and  non-book  materials  as  learning  aids  in  schools. 
A  study  of  pamphlets  and  clippings  and  information  files;  visual  aids; 
pictures,  slides,  films,  film  strips,  microfilm,  microcards,  television, 
museum  materials;  auditory  aids;  radio,  recordings  of  music,  books, 
speeches,  story  telling,  foreign  languages,  and  scripts  accompanying 
film  strips. 

Mathematics 
Fundamentals  of  Mathematics  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Development  of  the  number  system;  nature  and  application  of 
fundamental  processes;  extension  of  the  number  system  to  include 
common  and  decimal  fractions  and  negative  numbers;  approximate 
nature  of  measurements;  per  cents;  language  of  algebra  including 
formulas,  graphs,  tables,  and  equations;  meaning  of  proof;  elementary 
concepts  of  statistics;  art  of  indirect  measurement;  additional  topics 
of  interest  to  students. 

College  Algebra  I  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Fundamental  operations,  factoring;  fractions;  exponents;  func- 
tions and  their  graphs,  linear,  quadratic,  and  systems  of  equations; 
proportion  and  variation;  progressions;  mathematical  induction;  log- 
arithms, determinants;  permutations  and  combinations.  Prerequisites: 
1  year  high  school  alegebra  and  1  year  high  school  geometry. 

Trigonometry  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Function  of  an  angle,  logarithms,  use  of  tables;  radians;  identities; 
trigonometric  and  exponential  equations;  solution  of  triangles  by  nat- 
ural  functions  and  logarithms;   inverse  functions;    complex  numbers, 
application  of  all  processes  in  practical  problems. 

Analytic  Geometry  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Correlation  of  algebra  and  geometry  in  finding  equations  of  loci 
and  loci  corresponding  to  certain  equations;  properties  of  the  straight 
line,  the  circle  and  conic  sections;  rectangular  and  polar  coordinates; 
transformation  of  coordinates;  parametric  equations,  a  brief  introduc- 
tion to  three  dimensions.  Prerequisites:  College  Algebra  I  and  Trig- 
onometry. 

Calculus  I  Differential  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Elementary    concepts    of   limits    and   the    derivative;    applications 

of  the  derivative  in  problems  of  maxima  and  minima,  rates,  velocity, 

acceleration;    possible    introduction    of    integration    as    the   inverse   of 

differentiation.  Prerequisite:   Analytic  Geometry. 

Calculus  II  Integral  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Integration  as  the  inverse  of  differentiation;  formulas  of  integra- 
tion; the  definite  integral;  methods  of  integration,  integration  as  the 


86  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


limit  of  a  sum  applied  to  areas,  volumes,  lengths  of  curves  and  other 
practical  problems.  Prerequisite:  Calculus  1. 

Synthetic  Geometry  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Extension  of  competency  in  geometry;   modern  problems  of  the 
triangle  and  the  circle;  further  development  of  rigorous  proof;  con- 
struction based  on  loci  and  indirect  elements;  non-Euclidean  geometry. 
Prerequisite:   High  School  Plane  Geometry- 

Statistics  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Basic  principles  and  methods  of  statistics  common  to  scientific 
research,  understanding  of  and  ability  to  use  graphs,  frequency  dis- 
tributions, measures  of  central  tendency  and  dispersion,  normal  curve; 
correlation;  regression  and  prediction;  reliability  of  statistical  mea- 
sures; curve  fitting;  development  of  formulas. 

Teaching  of  Mathematics  in  Secondary  Schools    Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Place  and  function  of  mathematics  in  secondary  education;  con- 
tent and   the  improvement  and   evaluation   of  instruction  in  mathe- 
matics; acquaintance  with  current  literature  and  research;  observation 
in  secondary  schools.  Prerequisite:  9  hours  of  college  mathematics. 

Advanced  College  Algebra  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Theory  of  equations;  determinants;  partial  fractions;  series;  com- 
plex numbers;  further  development  of  permutations,  combinations  and 
probability.  Prerequisite:  College  Algebra. 

College  Geometry  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Study  designed  to  establish  professional  competence  in  geometry. 
Subject  matter  is  chosen  from  Plane  and  Solid  Geometry;  topics  also 
from  advanced  geometry. 

Field  Work  in  Mathematics  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Mathematics  applied  to  the  enrichment  of  secondary  school  math- 
ematics. Use  of  the  transit,  angle  mirror,  hypsometer,  sextant,  and 
other  measuring  instruments;  simple  map  making  exercises  and  ele- 
mentary surveying;  construction  and  use  of  student-made  instruments 
and  teaching  devices. 

History  of  Mathematics  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Study  of  the  growth  of  mathematics  through  the  centuries  and 
the  men  who  contributed  to  it,  enrichment  of  the  mathematical  back- 
ground of  the  students;   integration  of  basic  areas  of  mathematics. 
Prerequisite:  Analytic  Geometry. 

Calculus  111  Three  hours  per  week 

.         ,.       ..  Three  semester  hours 

A  continuation  of  the  calculus  to  include  series,  additional  work  in 

partial    differention,    multiple    integrals,    and    elementary    differential 

equations.  Prerequisite:  Calculus  II. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  87 


Mathematics  of  Finance  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Introduction  to  elementary  theory  of  simple  and  composed  interest 
with  solution  of  problems  in  annuities,  sinking  funds,  amortization, 
installment  buying,  mathematics  of  life  insurance. 

Spherical  Trigonometry  and  Navigation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Solution  of  the  right  and  oblique  spherical  triangles  with  empha- 
sis on  their  practical  application,  especially  in  the  field  of  navigation. 

Music 

Introduction  to  Music  Literature  Three  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

This  course  provides  an  orientation  in  music  experience  which 
aims  to  equip  the  prospective  teacher  with  a  knowledge  and  under- 
standing of  music  as  it  relates  to  general  education  and  the  art  of 
daily  living.  Through  the  use  of  recordings,  radio,  concerts,  and  other 
media,  every  possible  contact  is  made  with  music.  The  possibility  of 
correlation  with  other  subjects  is  explored.  This  course  is  required  of 
all  sophomores  in  general  education.  No  prerequisite  courses  or  special 
abilities  are  required. 

Fundamentals  of  Music  Two  hours  per  week 

No  Credit 

This  course  is  given  to  all  students  of  the  Elementary  Curriculum 
who  do  not  meet  the  prescribed  requirements  of  a  Standard  Achieve- 
ment Test  in  Music  and  who  are  unable  to  sing  a  simple  melody  in 
tune.  Fundamentals  of  Music  includes  the  study  of  intervals,  tetra- 
chords,  and  scales,  measures  and  key  signatures,  simple  and  com- 
pound rhythms,  notation  and  terminology,  simple  chord  patterns 
(written  and  keyboard),  simple  melodic  and  harmonic  dictation.  Pre- 
requisite to:  Music  for  the  Elementary  Grades. 

Music  for  the  Elementary  Grades  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

This  course  is  required  of  all  students  of  the  Elementary  Curric- 
ulum. It  is  designed  to  equip  graduates  of  the  Elementary  Curriculum 
to  teach  music  in  the  primary  grades.  Fundamentals  are  reviewed, 
keyboard  facility  and  the  childs  voice  are  studied,  together  with  the 
five-fold  music  programs  of  Kindergarten  through  grade  three.  Ob- 
servation with  participation  is  a  vital  part  of  the  classroom  procedure. 
Prerequisite:  Fundamentals  of  Music. 

Teaching  of  Music  in  the 

Elementary  Grades  Four  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  continues  the  five-fold  music  program  in  grades  four, 
five,  and  six.  Type  lessons  are  taught  by  the  students  and  construc- 
tively  evaluated   by  class  and  teacher.      Prerequisite;    Music  for  the 
Elementary  Grades. 


88  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Science 

Biological  Sciences 

Basic  Biology  Four  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  course  to  acquaint  students  with  the  place  of  living  things  in 
their  environment.  It  will  illustrate  how  living  things  are  classified, 
how  they  develop  and  maintain  their  kind,  how  they  react  to  their 
environment,  how  they  can  be  improved,  and  the  necessity  for  con- 
trolling or  conserving  those  which  affect  man's  welfare.  Two  hours 
lecture  and  two  laboratory  or  field  trip  hours  weekly. 

Botany  I  Six  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

A  study  chiefly  of  the  flowering  plants.  It  considers  the  anatomy 
and  life  processes  of  plant  cells,  leaves,  stems,  roots,  seeds,  and  fruit. 
Stresses  the  economic  importance  of  certain  species  and  the  recogni- 
tion and  classification  of  many  of  the  seed  plants  in  the  area  of  the 
college.  Three  lectures  and  three  laboratory  or  field  trip  hours  weekly. 

Botany  II  Six  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

A  study  chiefly  of  the  non-flowering  plants.  It  considers  both  the 
anatomy  and  life  processes  of  selected  algae,  bacteria,  fungi,  mosses, 
ferns  and  their  allies.  Emphasizes  the  economic  importance  and  health 
implications  of  certain  species  of  these  groups.  Stresses  the  recognition 
and  classifications  of  many  of  the  non-flowering  plants  found  in  the 
area  of  the  college.  Three  lectures  and  three  laboratory  or  field  trip 
hours  weekly.  Prerequisite:  General  Botany  I. 

Zoology  I  Six  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  origin,  development,  anatomy,  physiology,  life  his- 
tory, and  habits  of  each  phylum  of  the  invertebrates.  Attention  is 
given  to  those  vertebrates  of  economic  importance  to  man.  Acquaints 
students  with  many  invertebrate  species  found  in  the  area  of  the 
college.  Three  lectures  and  three  laboratory  or  field  hours  weekly. 

Zoology  II  Six  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  Chordates  and  especially  the  various  classes  of 
vertebrates.  Stress  is  placed  upon  the  anatomy,  physiology,  origin,  and 
development  of  each  class.  Special  attention  is  given  to  the  vertebrates 
found  in  the  area  of  the  college,  particularly  birds  and  mammals. 
Three  lectures  and  three  laboratory  or  field  trip  hours  weekly.  Pre- 
requisite: Zoology  I. 

Ecology  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Considers  plants  and  animals  in  relation  to  the  environment  in 
which  they  live.  Special  attention  is  given  to  plant  and  animal  com- 
munities in  Pennsylvania.  Individual  problems  assigned.  Two  lectures 
and  three  laboratory  or  field  trip  hours  weekly.  Prerequisites:  6  credits 
in  Biology. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  89 

Genetics  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  facts  and  theories  of  inheritance.  The  works  of 
leading  geneticists  are  reviewed.  Special  emphasis  is  placed  upon 
modern  methods  used  for  the  improvement  of  plants  and  animals  with 
particular  attention  paid  to  the  problems  of  human  inheritance.  Pre- 
requisite: 6  hours  Biology. 

Vertebrate  Anatomy  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  course  in  mammalian  anatomy  designed  for  majors  in  Biology. 
Although  the  cat  is  used  for  lecture  and  laboratory  work,  considerable 
emphasis  is  given  to  comparisons  with  other  vertebrate  animals,  espe- 
cially man.  Two  lectures  and  one  three-hour  laboratory  period  weekly. 

Physiology  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  course  designed  to  give  the  student  a  general  background  of 
how  animals  carry  on  their  bodily  processes  with  special  emphasis 
upon  human  physiology.  Two  lectures  and  one  three-hour  laboratory 
period  weekly.  Prerequisites:  Anatomy  of  Vertebrates  and  two  sem- 
esters of  General  Chemistry,  also  Zoology  I  and  IL 

Field  Botany  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Methods  useful  in  the  study  of  plants  in  their  natural  surround- 
ings. The  use  of  keys,  botanical  manuals,  and  illustrated  floras  to 
identify  living  specimens  will  constitute  a  major  activity.  Among  the 
desirable  outcomes  should  be  an  acquaintance  with  non-cultivated 
plants  as  sources  of  emergency  or  staple  foodstuffs,  fibers,  lumber, 
pollen  and  nectar,  as  well  as  their  invaluable  importance  to  wildlife. 
Two  lectures  and  one  three-hour  laboratory  or  field  trip  period  weekly. 

Orinthology  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

An  introduction  to  the  birds  of  Pennsylvania  with  emphasis  upon 
identification  of  birds  in  the  field.  Lectures  deal  with  internal  and 
external  adaptations  for  aerial  travel,  classification,  migration,  habi- 
tats, plumage  changes,  nesting  habits,  and  economic  relations.  Two 
lectures  and  three  laboratory  or  field  trip  hours  weekly. 

Entomology  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  general  study  of  insects  including  structure,  physiology,  classifi- 
cation, economic  importance,  and  relationships.  Each  student  is  re- 
quired to  complete  a  project  including  a  collection  and  a  report  on 
some  group  of  insects.  Two  lectures  and  one  three-hour  laboratory  or 
field  trip  period  weekly.  Prerequisite:  Zoology  I. 

Microbiology  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  microscopic  forms  of  life  with  emphasis  on  the  disease 

producing  species  of  Man  and  his  domesticated  animals.  Two  lectures 

and    three   laboratory   hours   weekly.    Prerequisite:    two   semesters   of 

Biology  and  two  semesters  of  General  Chemistry. 


90  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

Parasitology  Five  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Emphasis  is  placed  upon  the  anatomy,  physiology,  life  history, 
and  habits  of  parasites  primarily  of  Man  and  his  domesticated 
animals.  Special  attention  is  given  to  parasitic  worms  and  insects 
found  in  the  area  of  the  college.  Two  lectures  and  three  laboratory  or 
field  trip  hours  weekly.  Prerequisites:  Zoology  1  and  II. 

Physical  Sciences 

Chemistry 

Inorganic  Chemistry  I 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  course  includes  a  chemical  study  of  the  structure  and 
behavior  of  matter.  Topics  stressed  in  the  first  semester  are  the  gas 
laws,  solutions,  valence,  ionization,  acids,  bases,  oxidation  and  reduc- 
tion as  well  as  the  writing  of  equations  and  solving  of  problems. 

Inorganic  Chemistry  II 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  course  is  a  continuation  of  Inorganic  Chemistry  I  and  stresses 
the  more  fundamental  concepts  of  non-metals,  metals,  atomic  struc- 
ture, the  periodic  classification  of  elements,  and  simple  qualitative 
tests  for  cations  and  anions.  Prerequisite:  Inorganic  Chemistry  I. 

Organic  Chemistry  1 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  course  is  an  elective  for  those  who  plan  to  major  or  minor 
in  Chemistry.  It  includes  a  study  of  the  hydrogen  compounds  of  car- 
bon of  the  aliphatic  series  with  emphasis  on  structural  relationships 
and  nomenclature  as  well  as  on  uses  and  characteristic  properties. 
Prerequisite:  Inorganic  Chemistry. 

Organic  Chemistry  11 

Two  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  is  a  continuation  of  Organic  Chemistry  I.  It  deals 
primarily  with  the  amines  and  proteins  and  those  compounds  be- 
longing to  the  aromatic  series.  Both  micro  and  semi-micro  techniques 
are  employed  to  stress  the  properties  and  type  reactions  of  the  usual 
classes  of  organic  compounds.  Prerequisite:   Organic  Chemistry  I. 

Biological  Chemistry 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  includes  the  chemistry  of  proteins,  fats,  carbohydrates, 

minerals,  and  vitamins,  and  the  biological  functions  of  each.  Digestive 

and   metabolic    change   are    studied    by   laboratory   tests    and   animal 

feeding  experiments.  Prerequisite:   Organic  Chemistry  I. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  91 


Physical  Chemistry 

Two  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  is  an  introduction  to  the  fundamental  principles  of 
theoretical  chemistry  with  application  in  the  solution  of  problems  and 
training  in  the  techniques  of  physical-chemical  measurements.  The 
following  topics  are  included;  phase  rule,  properties  of  solution, 
liquids,  solids,  gases,  surface  tension,  vapor  pressures,  osmotic  pres- 
sures, chemical  cells,  buffers,  indicators,  oxidation-reduction  potentials, 
and  conditions  affecting  chemical  equilibria.  Prerequisite:  Inorganic 
Chemistry  and  Physics  I  and  II. 

Colloidal  Chemistry 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  is  a  study  of  substance  in  the  colloidal  state  with 
particular  emphasis  on  methods  of  producing  sols  and  gels,  stabilizing 
them  or  preventing  their  formation,  and  interference  in  chemical  pro- 
cedures. The  practical  application  to  various  industries,  agriculture, 
medicine,  weather,  soils,  and  home  and  community  life  will  be  stressed. 
Prerequisite:  Inorganic  Chemistry. 

Industrial  Chemistry 

Two  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  deals  with  the  application  of  theories,  laws  and  cal- 
culations of  chemistry  to  industrial  processes.  An  intensive  study  of 
at  least  one  major  industrial  process  is  made  by  each  student.  The 
class  work  is  supplemented  by  selected  laboratory  experiences  and 
numerous  trips  to  neighboring  industries.  Prerequisite:  Inorganic 
Chemistry. 

Chemistry  of  Food  and  Nutrition 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  course  is  a  study  of  the  application  of  food  and  physiological 
chemistry  to  the  nutrition  of  man.  Topics  included  are  dietary  studies, 
food  requirements  of  persons  of  various  ages  and  environmental  con- 
ditions, energy  metabolism,  mineral  requirements  and  utilization,  the 
vitamins,  and  the  effect  of  food  on  growth  and  well-being.  Pre- 
requisite: Inorganic  Chemistry. 

Water  Analysis 

One  class  hour  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 
This  course  is  a  study  and  analysis  of  water  for  potable  qualities 
and   for  use   in   industrial   applications.   The  treatment  for  softening 
and    elimination    of    industrial    contamination    is    emphasized.    Pre- 
requisite: Inorganic  Chemistry. 

Laboratory  Techniques  in  Chemistry 

(Workshop)  Three  semester  hours 

This  course  includes  laboratory  planning;  selecting,  care,  and 
storage  of  equipment,  making  of  solutions  and  various  reagents  from 
stock  supplies.  Setting  up  classroom  demonstrations  for  use  in  sec- 
ondary schools  is  stressed.  Prerequisite:  Inorganic  Chemistry. 


92  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

Qualitative  Analysis 

One  class  hour  per  week  and  six  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  is  a  study  of  the  theoretical  principles  and  practices 
underlying  analytical  chemistry.  It  includes  study  and  practice  in 
separating  and  identifying  the  cations  and  anions  of  the  more  com- 
mon  elements  and   radicals.  Prerequisite:   Inorganic  Chemistry. 

Quantitative  Analysis 

One  class  hour  per  week  and  six  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  gives  introductory  training  in  the  theory  and  practice 
of  gravimetric,  volumetric,  electrolytic,  and  potentiometric  analysis. 
Quantitative  calculations  and  relations  are  stressed.  Prerequisite- 
Qualitative  Analysis. 

Physics 

Physics  I 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  is  an  introductory  course  in  mechanisms,  heat,  and  sound. 
Some  of  the  topics  studied  are  the  mechanics  of  solids,  liquids,  gases, 
thermometry,  calorimetry,  and  heat  transference,  the  production  and 
nature  of  sound  waves  including  musical  sound. 

Physics  II 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  is  a  continuation  of  Physics  I  and  an  introductory  course  in 
magnetism  and  electricity.  Some  of  the  topics  discussed  are  reflection 
and  refraction,  optical  instruments,  spectra  and  interference.  The  por- 
tion devoted  to  electricity  and  magnetism  deals  with  the  general  con- 
cepts of  magnetism,  electrostatic,  electrical  circuits,  generators,  mo- 
tors, and  alternating  currents. 

Magnetism  and  Electricity 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  is  an  advanced  course  in  general  electricity  and  magnetism. 
The  electric  magnetic  fields,  D.C.  and  A.C.  circuits,  capacitance,  in- 
dustance,  electromotive  force  and  electrical  instruments  are  among 
the  topics  developed.  Prerequisites:  Physics  I  and  n. 

Mechanics 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  is  an  intermediate  course  in  mechanics  of  solids,  liquids,  and 
gases.  An  opportunity  is  provided  for  a  deeper  insight  into  the  prin- 
ciples in  operation  and  their  practical  application.  Studies  are  made  of 
rectilinear  and  circular  motion,  work  and  energy,  impulse  and  mo- 
mentum, simple  harmonic  motion  and  hydrostatics.  Emphasis  is 
placed  on  qualitative  considerations.  Prerequisites:  Physics  I  and  II. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  93 


Heat 

Three  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Four  semester  hours 

This  is  an  intermediate  course  in  heat.  The  basic  concepts  and 
principles  are  developed  more  intensively  in  the  study  of  the  prop- 
erties of  gasses  and  in  thermodynamics.  Some  of  the  specific  topics 
studied  are  temperature  measurements,  expansivity,  specific  heats, 
thermal  conductivity  of  solids  and  liquids,  thermal  properties  of 
gases,  change  of  phase  and  heat  engines.  Prerequisites:  Physics  I  and 

n. 

Electronics 

Two  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  is  a  course  dealing  with  the  electron,  including  the  charge, 
emission,  and  velocity  of  the  electron.  The  fundamentals  of  vacuum 
tubes  and  their  circuits  and  the  use  of  tubes  in  communications  and 
industry  are  studied.  Prerequisite:  Physics  I  and  n. 

Optics 

Two  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  is  an  intermediate  course  in  optics.  Geometrical  and  physical 
optics  are  included.  Reflection  and  refraction  at  surfaces,  lenses,  inter- 
ference and  diffraction,  elementary  spectroscopy  and  polarization  of 
light  are  discussed.  Applications  are  made  in  the  study  of  optical 
instruments.   Prerequisites:   Physics  I  and  II. 

Sound 

Two  class  hours  per  week  and  three  lab.  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  is  an  intermediate  course  in  the  study  of  sound.  The  physical 
basis  of  sound  is  studied  under  such  topics  as  wave  motion,  char- 
acteristics of  sound  waves,  reproduction  and  measurement  of  sound, 
the  ear  and  hearing,  and  architectural  acoustics  and  sound  insulation. 
Prerequisites:  Physics  I  and  n. 

Physical  Measurements  Variable  hours 

This  is  a  course  in  the  study  of  various  precision  measuring  de- 
vices. The  principles  of  operation  and  practical  uses  are  emphasized. 
Some  instruments  used  are  the  vernier  caliper,  micrometers,  sphero- 
meters,  catheometers,  micrometer  microscopes,  pressure  gauges,  audi- 
meters,  sextants,  jolly  balances,  photometers,  spectrometers,  potentio- 
meters, balastic  galvanometers,  and  oscilloscopes.  Prerequisites: 
Physics  I  and  n. 


94  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


General  Courses 

Science  for  the  Elementary  Grades  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course,  following  the  year  of  basic  science,  is  designed  to 
provide  the  elementary  teacher  with  a  more  adequate  background  for 
teaching  science  in  the  elementary  school.  Units  or  problems  are 
selected  to  achieve  this  purpose  which  cuts  across  various  fields  of 
science.  Emphasis  is  placed  upon  developing  resourcefulness  in  gath- 
ering data  and  using  the  scientific  method  in  the  solution  of  such 
problems. 

Science  in  Modern  Civilization  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  is  designed  to  acquaint  the  secondary  student  with 
some  of  the  major  discoveries  of  science  in  all  fields  and  the  effects 
of  discoveries  upon  man's  way  of  life.  Emphasis  is  placed  upon  de- 
veloping an  understanding  of  science  and  its  implication.  Discoveries 
leading  to  more  abundant  supplies  of  energy,  discoveries  contributing 
to  better  health  and  longer  life,  more  rapid  transportation,  to  a  more 
abundant  and  better  food  supply,  better  housing,  better  clothing  and  to 
greater  destructive  potential  are  some  of  the  topics  developed. 

Teaching  of  Science  in  Secondary  Schools  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  is  planned  to  give  the  prospective  science  major  a 
thorough  grounding  in  the  problems  of  teaching  Science.  The  objec- 
tives of  the  science  program  in  the  secondary  school,  selection  of 
textbooks,  sources  of  suitable  literature,  how  to  secure  materials  for 
instruction,  the  preparation  of  units,  and  special  techniques  are 
studied.  Prerequisites:  12  hours  of  work  in  major  field. 

Basic  Biology  Four  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  deals  with  the  principles  of  Biology.  Topics  include 
cellular  structure  and  physiology,  growth  and  repair,  reproduction 
and  development,  control,  sources  of  food  energy,  inheritance,  and 
man's  interrelationship  with  his  biological  environment.  The  classifi- 
cation of  plants  and  animals  is  reviewed  briefly. 

Basic  Physical  Science  Four  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  utilizes  the  fields  of  earth  science  and  astronomy  to 
provide  a  broadened  background  of  science.  The  nature  and  uses  of 
energy  is  the  central  theme  for  the  study  of  heat,  light,  chemical, 
electrical,  and  atomic  energy.  Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  methods  and 
the  thinking  of  scientists  in  recognizing  and  solving  problems. 

Social  Studies 
World  Culture  Five  hours  per  week  for  two  semesters 

Ten  semester  hours 
An  integrated  survey  course  presenting  the  origin,  development 
and  influence  of  the  governmental  and  social  organization,  economic 
activity,  religious  belief  and  practice,  literature,  and  fine  arts  as  they 
have  contributed  to  our  modern  civilization.  It  deals  with  broad 
sweeping  movements  rather  than  details  of  the  individual  state  or 
nation. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  95 


OR 

History  of  Civilization  I  and  II 

Three  hours  per  week  for  two  semesters 
Six  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  origin  and  development  of  the  political, 
social,  economic  and  religious  institutions  which  constitute 
modern  civilization,  with  emphasis  upon  broad  movements  to 
make  realistic  the  information  necessary  for  a  proper  under- 
standing of  the  great  heritage  that  is  ours  in  the  present  day. 

Literature  I  and  II  Two  hours  per  week  for  two  semesters 

Four  semester  hours 

History  of  United  States  and 

Pennsylvania  I  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  survey  course  in  the  history  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsyl- 
vania from  the  beginning  of  the  colonial  period  to  the  end  of  the 
Civil  War.  Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  social,  economic  and  political 
development  of  our  nation  in  general  and  of  our  Commonwealth  in 
particular. 

History  of  United  States  and  Three  hours  per  week 

Pennsylvania  II  Three  semester  hours 

A  survey  course  in  the  history  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsyl- 
vania from  1865  to  the  present.  Stress  is  placed  on  the  impact  of  the 
Industrial  Revolution  on  our  society,  the  growth  of  the  labor  world 
power,  our  part  in  World  War  I  and  II  and  the  activities  of  our 
nation  in  behalf  of  international  organization. 

History  of  Pennsylvania  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
A  study  of  the  founding  and  development  of  Pennsylvania  from 
its  colonial  beginning  to  the  present  time.  Emphasis  is  placed  on  the 
social,  economic  and  political  developments  in  the  different  periods  of 
its  history.  Special  attention  is  given  to  the  diversity  of  the  people, 
their  institutions  and  problems  and  the  growth  of  Pennsylvania  to  a 
leading  position  in  our  modern  industrial  world. 

American  Citizenship  Three  hours  per  week  for  two  semesters 

Six  semester  hours 
A  course  which  deals  with  the  evolution  of  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States  through  amendment,  legislative  and  judicial  interpreta- 
tion and  custom.  Broad  principles  of  government  as  related  to  citizen- 
ship are  stressed,  with  duties,  rights,  privileges  and  responsibilities  of 
the  individual  given  major  consideration. 

OR 

American  Government  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
The  study  of  the  general  principles  of  the  American  sys- 
tem of  constitutional  government;  special  emphasis  is  placed 
upon  the  organization  and  functions  of  the  national  govern- 
ment— legislative,  executive  and  judicial;  on  the  rights  and 


96  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

duties  of  citizenship,  the  electorate,  political  parties,  civil 
rights  and  the  growing  regulatory  functions  of  government 
are  carefully  treated. 

AND  EITHER 

Home  and  Family  Living  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  deals  with  the  development  of  the  family 
and  the  home  in  its  historical,  economic  and  legal  aspects. 
The  various  factors  influencing  the  organization,  disorgan- 
ization and  reorganization  of  the  family  are  considered,  as 
well  as  the  modern  trends  in  this  basic  institution. 

OR 

Introduction  to  Philosophy  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Principles  of  Economics  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  emphasizes  economic  principles  which  are  fundamen- 
tally for  an  appreciation  of  our  modern  economy.  While  stressing  the 
forces  and  factors  that  explain  production,  distribution,  and  consump- 
tion in  our  capitalistic  order,  much  attention  is  also  given  to  practical 
economic  matters,  including  labor  problems,  co-operative  movements 
and  business  management. 

Principles  of  Sociology  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  is  a  basic  course  in  sociology  dealing  with  the  interaction 
arising  from  the  association  of  human  beings.  Emphasis  is  placed  upon 
natural  and  social  heritage,  the  meanings  and  functions  of  culture, 
the  origin,  function,  and  characteristics  of  social  institutions,  such  as 
the  family,  religion,  and  the  state;  with  inquiry  into  the  nature  and 
genesis  of  pathology. 

Contemporary  Economic  and  Three  hours  per  week 

Social  Problems  Three  semester  hours 

This  course  consists  of  a  study  of  certain  of  our  more  crucial 
present  day  problems  such  as:  labor  relations,  money  and  banking, 
social  waste,  the  family,  crime  and  delinquency,  race  relations,  inter- 
national trade,  government  regulation  and  the  individual's  responsi- 
bility as  a  citizen  of  the  world. 

Teaching  of  Social  Studies  in  Secondary  Schools  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  is  intended  to  familiarize  prospective  teachers  with 
desirable  methods  which  may  be  used  in  teaching  the  social  studies. 
Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  philosophy,  objectives,  courses  of  study, 
and  organization  of  subject  matter  for  teaching  purposes,  curriculum 
materials,  procedures  and  development 

Early  European  History  from  Three  hours  per  week 

1500  to  1815  Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  development  of  the  social,  economic,  political,  re- 
ligious and  cultural  experiences  of  the  European  people,  emphasizing 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  97 


the  cause  and  effect  of  interrelation  and  inter-dependence  of  both 
people  and  events  that  are  basi.;  to  understanding  the  fundamental 
forces  that  lead  to  modern  life. 

History  of  Europe  from  1815  to 

the  Present  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  comprehensive  study  of  the  factors  contributed  by  the  European 
people  in  their  national  organization  through  their  political,  social  and 
economic  activities.  The  understanding  of  the  casual  and  intergroup 
relationships  are  essentially  basic  to  analysis  and  interpretations  of 
the  difficulties  facing  the  European  world  today. 

History  of  England  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  traces  the  growth  of  the  people  and  institutions  of 
England  from  the  conquest  by  the  Anglo-Saxons  to  the  present.  The 
emphasis  is  placed  on  the  development  of  those  factors  that  gave  rise 
to  the  struggle  and  events  that  culminated  in  the  establishment  of 
democratic   principles   and   organization   in   our   modern   world. 

Twentieth  Century  World  History  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  significance  of  events  in  the  present  century  is  brought  out 
in  this  course  by  a  study  of  the  growth  of  capitalism,  imperialism, 
totalitarianism,  international  jealousies,  World  Wars  I  and  II  and 
the  attempts  of  the  family  of  nations  to  find  world  peace  through 
international  understanding. 

Diplomatic  History  of  The  United  States  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
Special  emphasis  is  placed  on  a  study  of  our  foreign  relations 
from  the  beginning  of  our  national  history  to  the  present.  Such  aspects 
as  the  growth  and  influence  of  a  policy  of  "isolation,"  the  creation 
and  development  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  the  changing  position  of  the 
United  States  as  a  world  power,  and  the  problems  incident  to  the 
assumption  of  the  resulting  responsibilities. 

International  Relations  1919 

To  the  Present  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  emphasizes  the  modern  economic,  social,  political, 
religious  and  cultural  problems  that  reflect  their  influence  of  inter- 
national relationships  of  the  nations  of  the  world  using  the  United 
States  as  the  point  of  departure.  Special  attention  is  paid  to  the 
struggle  of  the  people  through  their  representatives  in  international 
conferences  and  organizations  to  resolve  their  differences. 

History  of  Latin  America  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  surveys  the  development  of  the  Latin  American  coun- 
tries from  the  period  of  discovery  to  the  present.  The  economic,  so- 
cial, political  and  cultural  areas  receive  special  attention  first  as 
domestic  problems,  then  as  they  are  related  to  the  various  political 
units  involved.  The  influence  of  European  and  American  relations  as 
they  are  reflected  In  local  changes  are  given  consideration. 


98  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 

The  Rennaissance  to  Reformation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  Rennaissance  and  Reformation  with  particular 
emphasis  on  the  important  political,  economic,  social  and  cultural 
forces  that  emerged  during  this  period  of  transition  and  ushered  in 
the  modern  western  culture.  Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  evolution  of 
modern  states  and  the  rise  of  individualism. 

History  of  the  Middle  East  and  India  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  various  civilizations  that  developed  in  this  area 
with  regard  to  their  contributions  as  they  influenced  both  oriental 
and  occidental  achievements.  Special  emphasis  is  placed  on  the  mod- 
ern aspects  of  their  relation  to  world  knowledge  and  to  problems  of 
current  international  interest. 

History  of  the  Far  East  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  development  of  the  people  of  China,  India,  Japan, 
Indonesia  and  the  Pacific  Islands.  Attention  is  given  to  their  cultures 
and  developmental  problems  as  they  are  related  to  each  other  and 
to  the  Occident. 

Consumer  Education  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  is  designed  to  develop  techniques  and  methods  which 
will  enable  the  buyer  to  evaluate,  on  a  quality  and  price  basis,  the 
myriad  goods  sold  in  the  modern  market  place.  Among  the  matters 
considered  are  the  following:  installment  buying,  choice  of  product, 
insurance,  advertising  and  others  of  similar  importance. 

Municipal  Government  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
This  course  deals  with  the  history,  organization,  structure  and 
functions  of  the  major  types  of  city  government  in  the  United  States. 
Consideration  is  given  to  the  development  of  modern  administrative 
techniques  and  methods  as  they  apply  to  municipalities.  The  prevail- 
ing forms  of  government  and  administration  used  by  boroughs  and 
townships  in  Pennsylvania  are  surveyed. 

Comparative  Government  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 
In  this  course  major  attention  is  given  to  Great  Britain  and  Soviet 
Russia  as  best  representing,  among  foreign  governments,  the  demo- 
cratic and  authoritarian  system.  Brief  consideration  is  given  to  the 
governments  of  France,  Italy,  Germany  and  Japan.  Frequent  com- 
parisons and  contrasts  are  drawn  between  these  governments  and 
government  in  the  United  States. 

Speech 

Communication  I  and  II  Two  hours  per  week  for  two  semesters 

Four  semester  hours 
Practice    in    mastering    ideas    of    others,    expressing    one's    own 
thoughts    effectively   in   writing   and    speaking,    developing   ability   to 
listen  and  observe. 


CLARION,   PENNSYLVANIA  99 


OR 

Speech  I  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

This  course  includes  the  study  and  application  of  the 
fundamental  principles  of  effective  speaking;  training  in 
the  selection,  organization  and  development  of  materials 
suitable  for  speeches;  recording  and  analysis  of  voice;  per- 
sonality adjustment  as  related  to  speaking-listening  situa- 
tion;   diacritical   marking  and  vocabulary  building. 

Speech  II  Two  hours  per  week 

Two  semester  hours 

A  continuation  of  Speech  I  with  special  emphasis  on 
group  discussion,  parliamentary  procedure,  speeches  for 
special  occasions,  expository,  narrative  and  descriptive  mate- 
rials;  interpretative  or  choral  reading. 

Phonetics  and  Voice  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

An  analysis  of  the  speech  sound  used  in  English  so  that  the  stu- 
dent develops  auditory  acuity  and  correct  reproduction  of  sounds; 
transcriptions  of  spoken  material  using  I.  P.  A.  system;  comparison 
of  phonetic  alphabet  and  diacritical  marking  system;  study  of  struc- 
ture and  function  of  speech  organs;  voice  improvement;  applied 
phonetics  for  speech  correction. 

Speech  Correction  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Designed  to  train  prospective  teachers  to  care  for  defective  speech 
in  the  classroom  and  to  make  educators  and  society  cognizant  of  the 
increasing  need  for  a  definite  speech  education  program  in  our  public 
schools.  A  study  of  speech  sound,  speech  mechanisms,  symptoms, 
causes,  and  treatment  of  minor  speech,  voice,  and  hearing  disorders. 

Oral  Interpretation  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Emphasizes  the  understanding  and  appreciation  of  literature 
through  developing  skill  in  reading  aloud.  Help  given  in  selecting, 
adapting  and  preparing  literature  for  presentation.  Special  attention 
given  to  reading  materials  required  of  the  classroom  teacher. 

Play  Production  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

An  introductory  course  in  the  theory  and  practice  of  all  phases 
of  play  production,  designed  to  stimulate  the  cultural  and  social  de- 
velopment of  the  Student  and  to  aid  the  prospective  teacher  to  pro- 
duce plays.  Emphasis  upon  the  directing  of  the  play. 

Stagecraft  and  Scenic  Design 

and  Lighting  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  technical  study  of  stage  mechanics,  construction  and  painting 
of   scenery,   lighting. 


100  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Debate,  Group  Discussion,  and 

Parliamentary  Procedure  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  debate,  principles  and 
methods  of  patterns  of  group  discussion,  rules  and  procedures  in 
Parliamentary  Law. 

Radio  I  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  course  combines  lecture  and  workshop,  deals  with  radio  as 
a  resource  for  the  classroom  teacher;  utilizes  live  programs,  transcrip- 
tions and  recordings;  presents  problems  of  equipment,  use,  mainten- 
ance and  operation  of  school  radio  workshop. 

Radio  II  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Additional  practicum  in  radio  production.  Practice  in  attaining 
skill  in  microphone  techniques  and  in  preparing  scripts  for  routine 
and  special  occasions. 

Creative  Dramatics  and  Story  Telling  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

This  is  a  course  in  the  technique  and  practice  of  story  telling, 
dramatic  play,  and  dramatization  for  teachers  of  the  kindergarten  and 
elementary  grades. 

Costume  and  Make-up  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

The  history  of  costume;  designing,  dyeing  and  sewing  of  clothes 
for  production;  selection  of  materials,  making  of  costume  plates, 
materials  and  techniques  in  make-up. 

Choral  Speaking  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

Choral  speaking  aims  through  the  communal  voicing  of  poetry 
to  stimulate  appreciation,  interpretation,  and  artistic  expression  of 
poetry  to  demonstrate  the  educational  and  social  values  of  unison 
speech,  and  to  train  choral  leaders  in  the  technique  of  choir  conduct- 
ing and  in  the  selection  and  treatment  of  materials. 

Community  Dramatics  and  Pageants  Three  hours  per  week 

Three  semester  hours 

A  study  of  the  theory  and  practical  problems  in  stage  movement 
and  business,  lighting,  costume  and  make-up.  Material  is  presented 
from  the  standpoint  of  the  director  of  pageants  in  schools,  on  play- 
grounds, in   camps,  and  community  projects.